THE EUPODA, OR PHYTOPHAGA. 225 



by slightly pink edges, and the golden stripe partakes 

 also of the hues of the emerald. 



The larvae in this family have an ingenious but unplea- 

 sant habit of forming their excrement into an umbrella, as 

 in Crioceris. They are broad and flat, with short legs ; 

 beset on the sides with long setose spines, and having a 

 long fork bent forwards, and arising rather above the anal 

 orifice, by means of which they retain their excrement 

 as a shelter. The pupae, also, are broad and flat, with 

 spined appendages on the sides, and the thorax dilated, 

 spined, and covering the head. 



The transformations of C. mridis, a, very common 

 species on thistles, may readily be observed. 



