. LAVIID.X. 



11 



63. MAGPIE. Pica rustica (Scopoli). Sylvan. Resident. 



Long graduated iridescent green tail ; rump greyish white. Length 

 16-18 inches, tail 10-11. 



64. JACKDAW. Corvus monedula, Linnaeus. Resident. 



Black ; ear-coverts, nape, and sides of neck grey ; belly leaden black. 



Young. Little or no grey on nape. Length 14 inches. 



65. RAVEN. Corvus corax, Linnaeus. 

 Largest of British Passeres. 

 General colour glossy steel-black ; 



slightly cuneate. 



Length 24 inches. 



Resident. 



throat-feathers pointed ; tail 



66. CARRIOX-CROW. Corvus corone, Linnaeus. Resident. 



> Black, with metallic gloss ; nostrils covered with bristly feathers ; 

 base of body-feathers whitish. Length 18-19 inches. 



67. HOODED CROW. Corvus cornix, Linnaeus. Resident in Scotland 

 and Ireland ; in England a winter visitor. 



Head, throat, wings, thighs, and tail-feathers black ; the rest of 

 plumage dull grey. Length 18-19 inches. 



68. ROOK. Corvus frugilegus, Linnaeus. Sylvan. Resident. 

 ^ Black, with blue gloss. 



Adults. With bare scurfy skin on forehead, lores, and throat. 



Young in first plumage have these parts feathered, and resemble 

 young Carrion-Crows, but the bases to the body-feathers are grey and 

 the bill is slender. Length 18-20 inches. 



It) 



L A N 1 1 D 2E . Sylvan. Young barred below. 



69. GREAT GREY SHRIKE. Lanius excubitor, Linnaeus. Autumn to 

 spring. 



Forehead white. Above bluish grey, below white. Tail graduated, 

 the four centre feathers black, the next tipped with white, the white 

 gradually increasing in the others until the outside feathers are nearly 

 white. Two white bars on the wing when folded. The race with only 

 one bar on wing (called Lanius major) has a more northern habitat, and 

 visits in England in winter. Length 9 inches. 



Europe. 



70. LESSER GREY SHRIKE. Lanius minor, J. F. Gmelin. Four 

 occurrences : Scilly Is., 1851 ; Norfolk, 1869, 1875; Devon, 1876. 



First primary very short, less than one third of second ; tail even. 



Male. Above grey ; forehead and feathers from bill, 

 ear-coverts, black ; breast and flanks with a roseate blush. Wing-bar 

 white. 



Female. Less black on fore part of head. 



Young. Has only black round and behind eye. Length 8-9 inches. 



C. & S. Europe, 

 except 

 Peninsula, 

 Asia Minor, 



round eye to ^ 



