12 



LANIIDJ3. MUSCICAPID^;. 



Asia Minor 

 and Europe 

 from Baltic, 

 wintering- in 

 Africa. 



71. KED-BACKED SHRIKE, or " BUTCHER-BIRD." Lanius collurio, Lin- 

 naeus. Spring to autumn, rare in Scotland one occurrence in Ireland. 



Male. Scapulars dull brick-red, uniform with the back ; crown, hind 

 neck, and rump grey ; chin white ; breast with roseate tinge. 



Female. Above brownish grey ; tail brownish red. Underparts white ; 

 sides of neck, breast, and flanks barred with brown. 



Young. Above reddish brown ; below pale brown ; above and below- 

 barred with blackish brown. Length 7J-8 inches. 



72. WOODCHAT SHRIKE. Lanius pomeranus, Sparrrnan. Hare strag- 

 gler on migration, but not to Scotland or Ireland. 



Male. Forehead black ; centre of crown and nape chestnut ; scapulars 

 white, forming a large white patch on each side ; rump and underparts 

 while ; white alar bar, or speculum, formed by the white outer web of 

 base of primaries. 



Female. Like the male, but markings ill-defined and not so bright. 



Young. Much like young of last, but lighter. Scapulars and rump 

 paler; plumage vermiculated with dark brown. Length 7| inches. 



Arctic Europe, 

 Asia, and 

 N.W. America. 



AMPELID^l. 



73. WAXWING. Ampelis garrulus, Linnaeus. Irregularly in severe 

 winters ; sometimes in great numbers, but not of late years. 



Male. General colour brownish grey ; long erectile crest ; black band 

 from nostrils to nape ; chin and throat black. Tail short,, tipped with 

 ydlow ; under tail-coverts deep chestnut. Secondaries tipped with small 

 scarlet wax-like ends; some of the tail-feathers rarely thus tipped. 



Female. Like male, but with fewer wax tips on wings, none on tail. 

 Length 8 inches. 



(.0 



MUSCICAPID-ffi. Nostrils more or less covered 

 by bristly hairs. 



74. SPOTTED FLYCATCHER. Muscicapa grisola, Linnaeus. Spring to 

 autumn. 



Ashy brown above ; forehead lighter than head, which is mottled 

 with streaks of darker brown; breast white, with brown streaks; 

 axillaries fawn-coloured. 



Young. Spotted. Length 5| inches. 



75. PIED FLYCATCHER. Muscicapa atricapilla, Linnaeus. Sylvan. 

 Spring to autumn ; very local breeder ; has visited Ireland. 



Male in spring. Above black, except white forehead and white wing- 

 bar ; axillaries and underparts white ; quills brownish black. Tail 

 black, three outer feathers on each side having two-thirds of the outer 

 web from the base white. 



Female, male in winter, and young. Above brownish grey ; under- 

 parts dirty white. Tail as in male, but duller. Length 5 inches. 



