

FBINGLGLIDJE. 15 



87. CHAFFINCH. Fringilla coelebs, Linnaeus. Resident. 



I Adult male. Forehead black ; head slate-grey ; back rufous ; ear- 

 coverts and underparts vinous red ; rump olive-green. Two white bars 

 on wing. 



Male in winter. Duller, the slate-grey feathers having brown tips, and 

 the white on wings is tinged with yellow. 



Female. Head and back ashy brown ; below pale brown ; rump yellow- 

 ish green. In winter is browner, and the white on the wings has yellow 

 tinge. Length 6 inches. 



88. BRAMBLING. Fringilla montifringilla, Linnaeus. Autumn to 

 spring. 



Rump white, intermixed with black ; axillaries and smaller inner wing- 

 coverts pale yellow. 



Male in summer. Head and upper back blue-black ; throat and chest 

 orange ; flanks spotted with black ; bill bluish. 



Male in winter. Black parts edged with buff; throat duller, shaded 

 with sandy buff ; bill yellow. 



Female. Head and upper back dark brown ; rest of plumage much 

 as male in winter, but less bright. Length 6i inches. 



89. LINNET. Acanthis cannabina (Linnaeus). Resident. 



Adult male. General colour above reddish brown ; forehead and breast 

 rich crimson ; rump paler than back ; wing-coverts uniform chestnut- 

 brown, like the back, without white edging ; throat whitish. In winter 

 the red colour is obscured by pale edgings to breast-feathers, which 

 wear off. 



Female. Has no red on head or breast : sides of face dark ashy, like 

 the head ; bill dusky. 



Young. Like female, but spotted. Length 5|-6 inches. 



p, 90. MEALY REDPOLL. Acanthis linaria (Linnaeus). Autumn to 

 (spring. 



Adult male in summer. Above light brown, streaked with blackish 

 brown ; fore crown carmine ; chin black throat and breast pink ; rump 

 ashy white, tinged with crimson and streaked with brown ; wing-coverts 

 tipped with whitish, forming a double wing-bar. 



Female. Like male, but only red on the head. In winter the rump 

 is whitish, and the throat and breast are fringed with ashy-white tips. 

 Length 5 inches. The northern race called A. holboelli t larger T 



"very much larger bill/' is stated to have occurreoTm England (Sharpe, 

 Cat. Birds British Museum, vol. xii. p. 250). 



91. LESSER REDPOLL. Acanthis rufescens (Vieillot). Resident. 



f \ Similar to last, but smaller and more rufous, the rump dusky brown, 

 and the bands on wing reddish buff. Length 4| inches. 



92. TWITE, or ; MOUNTAIN-LINNET. Acanthis favirostris (Linnaeus). 

 ^ Breeds from Derbyshire northwards ; a winter visitor to the south. 



* No red on forehead or breast ; bill yellow in adults ; dusky in young. 



