16 



FRINGILLID^E. 



Adult male. Above ruddy brown, feathers streaked with black down 

 the centre, those on the back with pale margins ; rump purplish red ; 

 throat and fore neck clear reddish brown, the latter streaked with dark 

 brown ; axillaries reddish brown, with black centres. 



Female. Like male, but lighter and without the rosy rump, which is 

 uniform with the back. Length 5-5| inches. 



93. SCARLET GROSBEAK. PyrrJiula erythrina, Pallas. Two occur- 

 rences : Sussex, 1869 ; Middlesex, 1870. 



Wings shorter than tail. 



Adult male. General colour rosy or crimson ; head crimson ; rump 

 brighter than back. 



Female. General colour above olive-brown ; feathers with dusky 

 centres ; rump same colour as back ; middle and greater wing-coverts 

 tipped with yellowish white, forming a double wing-bar ; throat dull 

 white streaked with brown. Length 5| inches. 



94. BULLFINCH. Pyrrhula europcea, Vieillot. Sylvan. Resident. 

 Wing longer than tail. Nostrils completely hidden by bristly plume- 

 lets. Rump white. 



Male. Head and chin black ; ear-coverts, throat, breast, and belly 

 vermilion ; nape and back ash-grey. 



Female. Head black ; nape and back greyish brown ; below pale brown. 



Young. Mottled ; less bright than female ; rump washed with brown. 

 Length 6 inches. 



95. PINE-GROSBEAK. Pyrrhula enucleator (Linnseus). Arboreal. 

 Only one or two genuine occurrences, and those perhaps introduced. 



Adult male. Head, neck, back, rump, and breast crimson ; axillaries , 

 ashy grey. 



Female. No rosy colour ; head olive-yellow ; general colour above 

 ashy ; feathers of back with dusky streaks ; axillaries ashy grey, edged 

 with whitish. Length 8-9 inches. 



96. CROSSBILL. Loxia curvirostra, Linnaeus. Local, and breeding 

 very early in season, chiefly where pine-trees occur. Arboreal. 



Points of bill crossing each other. 



Adult male. General colour red, brightest on rump ; but sometimes ; 

 breeds in yellow plumage of female, very faintly streaked with red in a 

 few places. 



Female. Olive-yellow where red in male, brightest on rump. 



Young. Like female, but streaked above and below with dark brown. 

 Length 6 inches. 



The so-called Parrot Crossbill (L. pityopsittacus} is a Northern form of 

 the Common Crossbill, with the bill very much stouter, and is usually a 

 larger bird. 



