MOTACILLIDJ3. ALAUDID^. 



21 



' 



119. WATER-PIPIT. Anthus spipoletta (Linnaeus). Very rare, on S. & C. Europe, 

 migration, in S. England. Asia Minor, 



Persia, winter- 

 White eye-stripe ; below pale rosy ; chest uniform, without streaks, ing in Africa. 



Light pattern of outer tail-feathers white. Hind claw long and 

 straightened. 



Young. "[Indistinguishable in plumage from those of A. obscurus. 

 Length 6| inches. 



120. TAWNT PIPIT. Anthus campeslris (Linnaeus). Irregular migrant 

 to S. and E. England. 



General colour of upper surface dull greyish brown, darker on centre 

 of feathers ; broad buffy-white eyebrow ; throat whitish ; underparts 

 uniform pale buff; wing-coverts edged with pale buff, varying much in 

 depth of colour; light pattern of outer tail-feathers white. Hind claw 

 stout and slightly curved, about equal in length to hind toe. Length 

 6|-7 inches. 



121. RICHARD'S PIPIT. Anthus richardi, Vieillot. Straggler to 

 England ; once in Scotland ; not yet recorded from Ireland. 



Largest of British Pipits. Above dark brown, with sandy-buff edges to 

 feathers ; throat and breast streaked ; axillaries sandy rufous ; light 

 pattern of outer tail-feathers white. Hind claw long and nearly straight. 

 Leg about 1J inches long. Length 7| inches. 



S. & C. Europe, 

 Asia Minor, 

 E. Siberia, 

 wintering in , 

 Africa and 

 India. 



C. & E. Asia, 

 wintering in 

 S. China, 

 Burma, Ceylon, 

 Europe, and 

 N. Africa. 



N. Africa. 



ALAUDID2E. Wings with nine or more visible primaries. 



122. SKY-LARK. Alauda arvetisis, Linnaeus. Resident. 



Breast spotted. Outer tail-feathers white, except inner edge of inner 

 web ; next pair white only on outer web. Hind claw long and straight. 

 Bastard primary very small. Length 7| inches. 



123. CRESTED LARK. Alauda cristata, Linnaeus. A very rare straggler, Europe to 

 even to the South of England, although so common on the Continent only J- China 

 twenty-two miles off. 



General ground-colour varies much from greyish brown to huffish 

 brown. Conspicuous occipital crest; axillaries buff; outer web of outer 

 tail-feathers buff. Length 6| inches. 



124. WOOD-LARK. Alauda arborea, Linnaeus. Resident in Great 

 Britain up to Stirlingshire, but very local ; also in Ireland. 



Light streak over eye ; primary-coverts tipped with white, showing 

 small white spot on closed wing. First primary long, third primary 

 longest. Tail short; outer feather greyish white at end, and outer 

 \veb bordered with white, next three tipped with triangular white spots ; 

 hind claw curved. Length 6 inches. 



