42 ANATID^. COLUMBIA. 



rump white, with wavy black lines ; tail uniform brown ; bill vermilion ; 

 legs orange ; iris red. 



Female and young. Like those of preceding species, but much smaller, 

 and head darker, black bar across wing-spot. Length 22-24 inches. 



N. America. 238. HOODED MERGANSER. Mergus cucullatus, Linnaeus. Very rare 



straggler, chiefly to Ireland. 



Male. Head and neck black, with an erectile rounded crest ; the back 

 part white, with a black edge forming a hatchet-shaped mark with the 

 edge outwards ; legs dull red. Length 19 inches. 



Female and young male. Head, neck, back, and wings dark brown ; 

 crown reddish brown ; feathers elongated. Length 17| inches. 



. 



I 1 



3? 



239. SMEW. Mergus albellus, Linnaeus. In winter months. 



Male. Bill shorter than head. Black, grey, and white. Head and neck 

 white ; black stripe through eye to nape ; slightly crested ; rump ash- 



gre - y * 



Female. Head and nape chestnut, crested ; above slate-grey ; black 

 patch from bill to eye ; rump greyish black. 



Young male. Like female, but has no black patch between eye and 

 bill. Length 14-17 inches. 



Order C L U HI B .33 . Family COLUMBID.E. 



240. EiNG-DovE, or WOOD-PIGEON. Columba palumbus, Linnaeus. 

 Eesident. 



Adult. White on outer wing-coverts ; white patch on each side of 

 neck. 



Young. Without white patch on neck. Length 16-17 inches. 



241. STOCK-DOVE. Columba oenas, Linnaeus. Eesident, breeding in 

 holes in trees and cliffs both on coast and inland, and in rabbit- 



\\f UO 



Adult. Sides of neck with metallic green patch ; axillaries grey. 

 Young. Without patch on neck. Length 13 inches. 



242. EocK-DovE. Columba livia, J. F. Gmelin. In caves, on sea- 

 coasts, and also in ruined buildings; chiefly in Scotland and Ireland. 

 Very rare on the coasts of England. 



Lower back and rump white ; two conspicuous black bands across the 

 wings ; axillaries white. Length 13 inches. 



ll/ 



243. TURTLE-DOVE. Turtur communis, Selby. Spring to autumn. 



Head, nape, rump, and outer wing-coverts bluish ash ; under tail- 

 coverts white; collar-patch of four rows of black feathers tipped with 

 white on each side of neck ; tail graduated, two centre feathers brown, 

 the rest slate-grey, the ends and outside web of outer pair \vhite. 



Young. Without neck-patch. Length 11 \ inches. 



