88 DISEASE IN PLANTS. 



(1846), Kiihn (1859), and a number of other 

 works of the period, merely referring with em- 

 phasis to Berkeley's admirable papers in the 

 Gardener's Chronicle (1854) for a summary of 

 what was then known. All these works ante- 

 date De Bary's MorpJwlogie und Physiologie der 

 Pilze, etc. (1866), in which he brought together 

 the results of his researches during the decade, 

 proving the real nature of parasitic diseases and 

 infection as worked out by experiments between 

 1853 and 1863. 



This work put the whole subject of parasitic 

 diseases of plants and animals on a new footing, 

 and paved the way for the modern treatment of 

 plant pathology as elaborated in the treatises of 

 Frank (1880 and 1895), Sorauer (i 886), Kirchner 

 (1890), and others, to which the reader is referred 

 for further details. I will merely quote the follow- 

 ing passage from Raspail's Histoire Naturelle de 

 la Santi et de la Maladic, 1846 (vol. ii., p. 176), 

 in illustration of the views entertained by high 

 authorities just prior to De Bary's work : "L'insecte 

 qui produit les erinetmi^ uredo, cEcidiunt, xyloma^ 

 puccinia, n'est done plus pour nous un insecte 

 inconnu, mais un acarus (grise), un aphis (puceron) 

 ou un thrips, qui produit au printemps une devia- 

 tion, etc." 



And this view, that fungi already well known 

 to mycologists were called forth by the punctures 

 of insects, was regarded as not out of harmony 

 with the idea that the fungus itself was an 

 abnormal outgrowth of the tissues of the host. 



