FUSARIUM 493 



Foot rot of orange and lemon. This disease is widely 

 distributed wherever the orange and lemon are grown. In 

 Italy it is called mal-di-goma, and in Florida as foot-rot. 

 Fusarium limonis (Briozi) is the fungus concerned. The 

 indication of the disease is the accumulation of gum in 

 patches near the base of the stem. The masses gradually 

 increase in size and number, extending quite round the 

 trunk and passing downwards into the branches of the 

 root, destroying the tissues as it advances, and passing 

 through the cambium zone into the wood. Soon the leaves 

 are few in number, small and yellowish-green, and the young 

 wood dies. 



Spore-beds gregarious, white ; conidiophores branched ; 

 conidia very variable, hyaline, oblong or fusiform, slightly 

 curved, 1-3-septate, 25-27 x 2-3 fi. 



The author states that the sweet seedling orange {Citrus 

 aurantiuni) and lemon (C. limonutn) are most subject to 

 the disease, whereas the sour orange (C. bigaradia) is almost 

 wholly exempt. Therefore sour orange stocks should be 

 used on lowlands, and grape-fruit (C. decumana), which is 

 also nearly exempt, should be used on higher grounds. 

 The soil should be removed from around the crown by 

 a strong jet of water, diseased bark cut away, and the 

 wounds painted with carbolic acid. Good drainage and 

 avoidance of much nitrogenous manure are also items to be 

 remembered. 



Briozi, Mem. del. Acad. Lincei, 1878. 



Webber and Swingle, U.S. Amer. Dep. Agric, Bull. 8 

 (1896). 



Red mould of barley {Fusarium heterosporuin, Nees., 

 Fusisporium hordei, W. G. Sm., Fusisporium lo/ii, W. G. 

 Sm.) is not a rare pest attacking the grain of wheat, rye, 

 barley, and various grasses, as Holcus, Lolium, Paspalum, 

 Panicum, Molitiia, etc. It occurs in most European 

 countries, Africa, and the United States. Barley attacked 

 by this fungus is rendered useless for malting. 



Grain that is attacked becomes swollen, and dense tufts 

 of sphorophores burst through the pericarp and form orange, 

 crimson, or dull deep red, somewhat gelatinous specks 

 on the surface of the grain. Sometimes the entire ear is 

 more or less covered with such a red mass, which is quite 

 gelatinous when wet. 



