CONTENTS. vii 



Compound Pistil with Cells and Axile Placentae 107 



One-celled with Free Central Placenta 108 



One-celled with Parietal Placentae 108 



2. Gymnospermous Gyncecium 109 



SECTION XI. OVULES 110 



Their Parts, Insertion, and Kinds Ill 



SECTION XII. MODIFICATIONS OF THE RECEPTACLE . . 112 



Torus, Stipe, Carpophore, Disk 113 



SECTION XIII. FERTILIZATION 114 



1. Adaptations for Pollination of the Stigma . . . 114 



Close and Cross Fertilization, AnemophilousandEntomophilous 115 



Dichogamy and Heterogony 116 



2. Action of the Pollen and Formation of the Embryo 117 



SECTION XIV. THE FRUIT 117 



Nature and kinds 118 



Berry, Pepo, Pome 11!) 



Drupe and Akene 120 



Cremocarp, Caryopsis, Nut 121 



Follicle, Legume, Capsule 122 



Capsular Dehiscence, Silique and Silicle 123 



Pyxis, Strobile or Cone 124 



SECTION XV. THE SEED 125 



Seed-coats and their appendages 125 



The Kernel or Nucleus, Embryo and its parts, Albumen . 127 



SECTION XVI. VEGETABLE LIFE AND WORK 128 



1. Anatomical Structure and Growth 129 



Nature of Growth, Protoplasm 129 



Cells and Cell-walls. Cellular Structure or Tissue .... 130 



Strengthening Cells. Wood, Wood-cells, Vessels or Ducts . 132 



2. Cell-contents 136 



Sap, Chlorophyll, Starch 136 



Crystals, Rhaphides 137 



3. Anatomy of Roots and Stems 138 



Endogenous and Exogenous Stems 139 



Particular structure of the latter 140 



Wood, Sap wood and Heart-wood. The living parts of a Tree 141 



4. Anatomy of Leaves 142 



Epidermis, Stomata or Breathing pores 143 



5. Plant Food and Assimilation 144 



6. Plant Work and Movement 149 



Movements in Cells or Cyclosis 149 



Transference from Cell to Cell 150 



