viii Contents. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



INSECT RAVAGES IN WOODLANDS. 



General Statements Effect upon Wood-growth Coleoptera Orthop- 

 tera Ilemiptera Neuroptera Lepidoptera Hymenoptera Dip- 

 tera Insects that attack the Oaks Elms Hickories Black Wal- 

 nutsButternuts Chestnut Locust Maples Cotton woods Pop- 

 lars Lindens Birches Beech Willows Pines Spruces Firs 

 Hemlocks... , 161-187 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



PROCESSES FOR INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF TIMBER, OR FOR IMPROVING 



ITS QUALITY. 



General Statements Causes of Decay Charring Immersion in Water 

 Penetration of Liquids, and of Solids in Solution Oils Crude 

 Petroleum Salt Incombustible Wood Alum Borax Lime 

 Processes of Bethell Boucherie Burnett Carey Hatsfield Kyan 

 Margary Payne Prescott Robbins Tait Thilmany Re- 

 cipes 187-199 



CHAPTER XIX. 



RESINOUS AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF CONIFERS. 



Naval Stores Turpentine Spirits of Turpentine Rosin Methods of 

 Resinage Economy and Waste French Methods with the Maritime 

 Pine Tar Pitch Lamp-black Canada Balsam Essential Oils 

 Perfume from Pine-sap 199-205 



CHAPTER XX. 



USE OF WOOD IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER. 



Mechanical Processes of Volter, Hartmann, Siebricht, etc. Chemical 

 Processes Cultivation of Poplars for Paper Pulp 205-206 



CHAPTER XXI. 



TANNING MATERIALS. 



Supplies from the Oak Hemlocks, etc. Tanning Extracts Manage- 

 ment of Oak-Coppices Peeling by the Aid of Heat Sumac. 208-210 



