Management after 



Trimming and Pruning. 



219. Where forests are cultivated ou a large scale, and for profit, 

 nothing can be doue in the way of pruning. This must be left to 

 natural agencies, and if a proper density of growth is maintained, 

 it will take care of itself. But in small groves, and especially in 

 avenues of trees by the roadside, or plantation! around dwellings, 

 or in village streets and city parks, the growth and appearance of 

 the trees may be greatly improved by judicious attention. 



220. It is preferable to cut off a branch close to the tree, rather 

 than to leave a stub. The incision should be left as smooth as pos- 

 sible, and it is of great advantage to cover the 



wound with coal tar. If left to rot off, the 

 branch may form a wound like the one shown 

 on the left-hand side of the annexed cut ; but if 

 smoothly cut off, it may close up completely in 

 a few years. These cavities may extend down 

 to the root, and they not only shorten the life of 

 a tree, but tend to render its timber worthless. 

 Where large cavities are thus formed in a favor- 

 ite tree, the injury may be somewhat delayed by 

 covering the opening with hcavilv painted canvas 

 or other material that will conceal .-omewhat the 

 deformity, and keep out the- rain. 



'I'll. In cutting off large branches, it is nec- 

 essary to first make an incision on the under side, 

 so as to prevent it from tearing down the side of 

 the tree as it falls. The annexed cut, at J and 

 7>, shows the way this can be done. After the 

 branch is off, the stump can be smoothed 

 off, so as to leave a clean incision. It is found 

 very advantageous to apply coal tar to such 

 wounds. 



'I'l'l. The season of the year has much to do 

 with the success of pruning. It should generally 

 be done after the growth of the season has been 

 formed, and close to the trunk. If left in pegs, 



::.:. A Wound well 



lli'illt'd jind one 

 Iwdly heiiled in 



Timber. 



::i. Proper Mode of 

 cutting otrj.u rye 

 lirunrlirv. 



they will disfigure the tree, and heal over with 35. Tree that has been 



pruned lute in Suin- 



1IUT. 



difficulty. The unsightly growth shown in the 



