Production of Turpentine : 7//</jv,/W Methods. 201 



three pints. The tupentine begins to flow early in the spring, and 

 continues till towards the end of -summer. The incision:* are en- 

 larged and extended higher up, about once in a week or trn days, and 

 sometimes t\v<> or three " boxes " are cut in the same tree. The 

 crude turpentine is dipped out of the boxes, and scraped off from 

 the trees from time to time, and now the greater part is distilled 

 near the forests, aud the refined products sent from thence to the 

 markets. 



800. In North Carolina, the turpentine is collected about once a 

 month, and 10,000 trees will in a good season yield 50 barrels of 

 spirits of turpentine, and L'Ol) barn-Is of rosin. In other regions, 

 the trees are cut from twenty to thirty times in a season, and yield 

 from eight to ten dippings. A man will " chip " from 10,000 to 

 12,000 boxes in a week, as a task. From 1,000 boxes they dip 

 from three to live barrels, of 'JSO pounds each. 



801. The yield per box in soft turpentine is from ten to twelve 

 pounds, or twenty to twenty-live to the treeofusu.il size. A barrel 

 of crude turpentine will yield live gallons of spirits of turpentine, 

 and from sixty-two to sixty-live per cent of its bulk in rosin. The pro- 

 duct of the first year yields a fine light resin, and it grows darker 

 from year to year. A still of forty barrels capacity, will distill the 

 crude product of about 350,000 box* 



802. Turpentine is produced to advantage only in a warm cli- 

 mate, and in a given place, to better advantage in hot and humid 

 seasons than in those that are cold and dry. 



803. Trees exposed to the air and the sun yield better than those 

 that are crowded and shaded, and those with a well developed top 

 and well set with branches much better than those with thin aud 

 light foliage. 



804. By the improved methods now in use in Europe, and 

 especially in the south-western part of France, the production of 

 crude turpentine (there obtained from the Pimis pinaster, or "mari- 

 time pine") is continued many years without killing the trees, and 

 by the following method: 



805. In winter the rough bark is smoothed off with a drawing- 

 knife, and as spring approaches, a light incision is made, four or 

 five inches wide and about fifteen inches long, through the bark and 

 a little into the outer wood. This is done with a sharp instrument 

 having a convex edge. At the bottom a lip of zinc is driven in, 



