The Hickories. 275 



rich soil, but the timber is not equal to that of some other species. 

 It comes to greatest perfection in the Western State's, and is found 

 as far west as Nebraska. It is sometimes railed the 4i swamp hickory." 



1101. THE SHELL-BANK HICKORY i ( '<n-ija alba). This is one of 

 the most widely distributed and most valuable of the hickories. It 

 is found from Massachusetts to Nebraska, and is particularly Avell 

 developed in deep fertile soil iu the Western States. In West Vir- 

 ginia it is sometimes found eighty to a hundred feet in height, and 

 from two and a half to three feet in diameter. Its timber is highly 

 prized in carriage-making, but is not durable in the weather. It is 

 found somewhat sparingly in North Carolina, and is most common 

 in the Southern States, upon the uplands of the interior. 



1102. THE WHITE-HEART HICKORY OR M< >cKi:i:-NfT (Carya to- 

 innifosa). This species is found from New England southward to 

 the Carolinas, and westward to Iowa and Nebraska. In North Car- 

 olina it grows to sixty feet or more in height, and from twenty inches 

 to two feet in diameter. It extend> from the coast to the mountains, 

 and is the only hickory that grows on the " barrens." Its timber is 

 much used in carriage-making. 



1103. THE THICK SHELL-BARK HICKORY (Carya sulcata). This 

 is chiefly a western species, and grows in rich soils to eighty and a 

 hundred feet in height and three feet in diameter. 



1104. THE BROOM-HICKORY OR Pio-NuT (Carya porcina). This 

 is the most common species in the Eastern and Middle States, and 

 is found westward to Nebraska. Its fibers are very tough, and it is 

 sometimes made into brooms. Under favorable conditions it grows 

 to four feet iu diameter. 



1105. THE Fio-NuT HICKORY (Carya glabra). This species is 

 somewhat widely distributed, and is found disseminated among other 

 hickories in North Carolina and southward. It is found westward 

 to Iowa. 



1106. THE WATER BITTER-NUT HICKORY (Carya aquatica). This 

 is found in swamps in North Carolina. Its timber is of poorer qual- 

 ity than that of any other of the hickories. 



THE BLACK WALNUT, BUTTERNUT, ETC. (Genus Juglans). 



1107. Of this genus, seven or eight species are known in temper- 

 ate and sub-tropical regions, of which one is found in Europe and 

 Central Asia, two in Eastern Asia and Japan, and four or five in 



