336 



The Hemlocks. 



of sole-leather, and in some regions where the trees have been cut 

 and peeled for their bark, the lumber is still allowed to rot upon the 

 ground. 



1362. It sometimes occurs of immense size, and in considerable 

 bodies by itself, but is very often intermixed with deciduous kinds. 

 The wood of the hemlock is coarse, but strong, and is largely used 

 in the form of planks and scantling for building purposes, bridges, 

 and the like, or as boards for fences, roof-boards, the siding of barns 

 and other coarse purposes. When the grain is placed vertical, it 

 endures exposure to the weather for a long period. The young wood 

 is much used for railway ties, but is not as durable as many other 

 kinds. 



1363. This is one of the most beautiful of our native species, 

 when planted in parks among deciduous kinds, or singly, and is less 

 liable to injury from insects than the spruces and the pines. 



1364. The Tsuga Caroliniana is a southern species, occurring on 

 the mountains of Western North Carolina, and much resembling 

 the one above described. 



1365. The Tsuga Pattoniana grows in the upper timber-region of 

 the Sierras, from 8,000 to 10,000 feet above tide, but at this ele- 

 vation it is only a shrub. In lower localities it is found from 100 



to 150 feet high, and from 2 to 4 

 feet in diameter. It is a large, 

 graceful, and slender tree, with bright 

 green foliage, and purple cones, from 

 an inch and a half to two inches in 

 length. It has formerly been known 

 as the "Abies Wittiamsoniana." 



1366. THE OREGON HEMLOCK 

 (Tsuga Mertensiana) . This is a tree 

 found native upon the Pacific Coast 

 from California to Alaska, being often 

 found from 100 to 200 feet high, and 6 

 to 8 feet in diameter. The wood is 

 finer than our common hemlock, and 

 the bark is more red, and is used for 

 tanning purposes. It does not ex- 



163. View of tho Side and iia.se ol an 



old cone of Williamson's Spruce, tend beyond the region of abundant 



with scale, Sends, and Leaf, of two- . . 

 thirds the Natural Size. rainfall. 



