KEY FOR THE PLANT KINGDOM 157 



Generally herbs; flowers regular and perfect; petals generally separate; 

 stamens free; ovary compound, superior; free from calyx. Rhoeadales. 479 



Carnivorous plants; flower scapose; corolla with separate petals or nearly so 

 sepals generally distinct; stamens free; ovary compound superior. 



Sarraceniales. 497 



Herbs, shrubs or trees ; usually with petals which are separate ; stamens 

 generally perigynous or epigynous ; sepals generally united or confluent with 

 receptacle which is concave ; carpels 1 or more distinct or united into a com- 

 pound ovary. Rosales. 498 



Trees, shrubs, or herbs ; usually with petals which are separate,, united in 

 some or entirely wanting; sepals mostly distinct; stamens few or occasionally 

 more than twice as many as the sepals; alternate or opposite with them; ovary 

 compound, superior. Geraniales. 574 



Trees, herbs or shrubs; petals usually present and separate; sepals generally 

 distinct; stamens opposite usually fewer than sepals or as many, occasionally 

 more than twice as many; ovary superior, compound; ovules pendulous. 



Sapindales. 604 



Shrubs, small trees or occasionally vines ; leaves generally alternate ; flow- 

 ers, small, regular; stamens as many as sepals or calyx lobes alternate or oppo- 

 site with them; ovary compound superior; ovules erect. Rhamnales. 620 



Trees, shrubs or herbs; leaves simple, mostly alternate; flowers regular, 

 usually perfect; sepals separate, or more or less united; petals separate, or 

 wanting; stamens usually numerous; ovary superior, compound; disk incon- 

 spicuous or none. Malvales. 621 



Shrubs, trees or herbs; flowers generally complete, perfect, and regular 

 or irregular in some ; sepals distinct, or more or less united ; petals almost 

 always present and distinct ; stamens usually numerous ; ovary compound, super- 

 ior; placentae mostly parietal. Parietales, 627 



Fleshy plants, leafless, or with small leaves, generally spiny; flowers mostly 

 solitary, sessile, regular, perfect and showy; calyx tube adnate to ovary; limb 

 many-lobed; petals numerous; stamens numerous; ovary 1-celled; ovules num- 

 erous ; fruit a berry. Opuntiales. 634 



Shrubs, trees or herbs ; leaves simple ; petals usually present and distinct ; 

 calyx 4-5 lobed or entire and petals wanting in Thymeleales, superior or in- 

 ferior ; ovary 1 or more celled ; ovules 1 or numerous. Myrtiflorae. 637 



Herbs, shrubs or trees with petals; leaves of calyx usually 5; stamens 4 to 

 5; ovary epigynous, adnate to calyx; ovule, 1 in each cavity. 



Umbellales. 645 



Petals partly or wholly united rarely separate or wanting; coherence varia- 

 ble in some cases; tubular or funnel-form. (Sympetalae or Gamopetalae). 



b. Metaclilainydeae. 664 



Flowers complete, regular with lobed or distinct calyx; corolla cleft gamo- 

 petalous ; stamens free from corolla ; ovary compound. Ericales. 664 



Mainly herbs; corolla gamopetalous ; calyx generally free from ovary; 

 stamens borne on corolla, as many as its lobes, or twice as many, or more. 



Primulales. 675 



