284 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



The treatment should consist of first removing the herd from the infected 

 pasture or inclosure containing the fungus. They should be fed on good whole- 

 some soft nutritious food, plenty of cold water should be given. Dr. Mohler 

 recommends dissolving 2 heaping tablespoonfuls of borax or 1 tablespoonful of 

 potassium chlorate in each of the first two buckets of water taken during the 

 day. If the animals permit the mouth should be swabbed out with some anti- 

 septic wash, such as weak carbolic acid or creolin solution, or permanganate 

 of potash, or hydrogen peroxid. Mohler recommends that range cattle can be 

 treated by the use of medicated salt. 



"This salt may be prepared by pouring 4 ounces of crude carbolic acid upon 12 quarts 

 of ordinary barrel salt, after which they are thoroughly mixed. The lesions of the feet 

 should be treated with a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid or of creolin, while the fissures 

 and other lesions of the skin will be benefited by the application of carlbolized vaseline or 

 zinc ointment. If the animals are treated in this manner and carefully fed the disease will 

 rapidly disappear." 



Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link 



This fungus and its allies are very common upon oats, sometimes very 

 destructive. It attacks all parts of the plant, but is especially common in the 

 heads. The mycelium of the fungus grows not only on the surface of the 

 plant but also in the interior ; the conidiophores and spores are olive green, 

 the former pass through the opening of the stomata or break through the 

 epidermis; the spores are 1- to 2-celled, borne on the end or on short lateral 

 branches and are extremely variable in shape and size. 



The general effect of the disease is to cause the kernels to shrivel. The 

 disease, as recorded by Cobb, occurs rather destructively on oats. Professor 

 Peck records the occurrence of a Cladosporium on oats, which he describes 

 as a new species, the Fiisicladium destruens. He says in regard to oats : 



"The foliage of the plants presented a singular admixture of green, dead- 

 brown and reddish hues, strongly suggestive of that of a 'rust-struck' field." 



Peck thinks this fungus inhabits the leaves of some of our northern grasses- 

 and has escaped from them to oat fields. Giltay reports that plants are infected 

 in the same way as in some of the grain smuts, the spores being carried over 

 with the seed, and that the disease can be prevented by treatment with hot 

 water. A species of Cladosporium commonly affects the kernels of maize 

 and is at times quite troublesome. 



Septoria Fr. 



Perithecia imbedded in the tissues of the plant, appearing as small black- 

 ish or brownish spots ; conidia generally multicellular and colorless ; produced 

 from short conidiophores. A genus containing numerous species of wide dis- 

 tribution. Many of them like the Septoria on the black currant and goose- 

 berry, and the blackberry leaf spot, Septoria rubi, are troublesome parasitic 

 fungi of cultivated plants. All of these fungi irritate the mucous membranes 

 when found in abundance in the leaf. 



Septoria graminum, Dem. 



Spots at first yellow, then reddish-brown and finally whitish; perithecia 

 blackish or brownish-black; spores 50 to 60 M long and 1.5 to 2 M wide, numer- 

 ous, usually 2-celled. 



