EMBRYOPHYTA BRYOPHYTA 



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a 



Fig. 116. A. Lichen Iceland Moss (Cetraris islandica). p. Paraphyses. >; O. Asci, 

 b. Ascospores. s. Subhymenial layer, g. Gonidia or alga. h. Hyphae. r. "Cortical" portion. 

 B. Lichen. (Synalissa symphorea) sending its hyphae into an alga Gloeocapsa. C. Archegon- 

 ium of fern (Poiypodium vulgare) with egg cell. b. Antheridium with sperm cells, c. Single 

 coiled sperm cell. D. Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). a. Large gemmule or bud. 

 b. Same section of thalloid structure bearing scales, s. G. Antheridium with sperm cells 

 shown at b. H. Foliaceous lichen Physcia pulverulenta. I. Section of male plant of 

 moss. Phascuin ciispidatitm. a. Antheridium. b. Archegonium. /. leaves, p. Paraphyses. 

 A'. Shield Fern (Aspidium Feli.r-Mas), pinnule bearing sori. a. Indv.sium, undernearth the 

 sporangia. L. Sporangium of the same with ring and stalk with the spores at o. M. 

 Sporangium of the Royal Fern (Osmu-nda rerah's). No ring or mere traces. N. Filmy 

 fern (Trichomanes alatitm). O. Schisaea piisilla. a. Fertile pinnule with sporangia, b. 

 Sicgle sporangium wiih rirg at small end. 



