I 



RUBIALES 



741 





!or occasionally fewer or twice as many; ovary compound, aclnate to the calyx 

 tube; ovules one or two in each cavity of the ovary. The important families 

 are Rubiaceae, containing cinchona coffee, asperula, and galium; Adoxaceae 

 '.containing a single genus Adoxa the Musk-root, A. Moschatellina; Valerian- 

 'aceae containing the corn salad (V 'alerianella olitoria, and Valeriana officinalis), 

 inative to Europe and North America, the roots of which are used in medicine; 

 \Dipsaceae, containing fuller's teasel (Dipsacus fiillonum'), whose rigid chaff 

 'hooked at the end is used for carding woolen cloth, and scabious (Scabiosa 

 Intaritima) frequently cultivated for ornamental purposes; and Caprijollaceae. 



Families of Rubiales 



Herbs or shrubs ; flowers regular ; leaves with stipules. Rubiaceae. 



Herbs or shrubs ; flowers regular or irregular ; leaves without stipules. 



Caprifoliaceae. 



Fig. 431. Teasel (Dipsacus sylves- 

 tris). A common American weed al- 

 lied to Fuller's Teasel. (Millspaugh- 

 Selby). 



RUBIACEAE B. Juss. Madder Family. 



Herbs, shrubs or trees, with simple opposite leaves connected by stipules, 

 r the leaves sometimes in whorls without stipules; calyx tube adnate to the 

 vary; flowers regular and perfect, often dimorphic; corolla funnel-shaped, 

 Jblub-shaped, bell-shaped or rotate, 4-5 lobed; stamens as many as the lobes of 

 ! the corolla and alternate with them; pistil with a simple or lobed style; ovary 

 jl-10 celled ; ovules one to many in a large cell ; fruit various, capsule, berry or 

 drupe; seeds small or large, the coat thin or hard; endosperm fleshy or horny. 



A large order, chiefly tropical, consisting of about 350 genera and 5000 

 species. Only a few of them found in northern United States. Some species 

 ire abundant in southern United States, a few being weedy. Cinchona or 

 Peruvian Bark, from which quinine is derived, is found in several species of the 

 |enus Cinchona, a tree with evergreen leaves. Quinine is derived chiefly from 

 Chincona officinalis, which is a native of South America ; C. lancifolia is native 

 to Peru. The Cinchona is now, however, extensively cultivated in India. Its 

 ,ise in fevers has been recognized since its earliest introduction from the wild 

 Plants gathered in the Andes Mountains by the Indians. The Red cinchona is 

 Obtained from C. succirubra and Calisaya bark from C. Ledgeriana. 



