94 PROFESSOR STRUTHERS. 



superior border remains as the anterior border. The inferior 

 border is gradually carried backwards to below the flattening 

 process, and forms the lower edge of the prism ; is thick inter- 

 nally, is continued externally in front of the fossa, as the lower 

 edge of the prism, and disappears as we go back, except as the 

 anterior boundary of the costal fossa. The transition is rapid 

 on the 4th ; the 14th is about as flat below as it is above, like 

 a lumbar process, though not so thin. 



The borders on the first five are, the anterior, like the posterior 

 cervical, concave ; the posterior, convex. The 6th is transition 

 in these respects. On the 7th, and backwards, these curvatures 

 appear reversed, but anterior and posterior intertrans verse pro- 

 jections make their appearance on the 6th, and continue with 

 variable prominence after the 6th, so that the true form of 

 the hinder edge is that of a low prominence with gentle con- 

 cavity on either side, and that of the anterior edge sigmoid, the 

 concavity on the neck stage. 



On their upper surface the transverse processes are, after the 

 first four, concave in their whole length ; from the 5th to the 

 12th very much so, owing to the great rise of these processes 

 outwardly. On the 13th, the concavity is much less ; the 14th 

 shows a shallow sigmoid curvature, the concavity on the outer 

 half. 



Length, Breadth, and Thickness of the Dorsal Transverse 

 Processes. In length they increase gradually from the 1st to 

 the 14th, and begin to diminish from the 4th lumbar backwards. 

 In breadth they increase from the 1st to the 10th, arid diminish 

 a little on the 13th and 14th. The wing stage is marked off 

 by the low intertransverse projections and by the greater 

 breadth, but the difference in breadth is not very great. On 

 the 7th the neck is 3 inches in breadth, the wing 4J. The 

 spaces between the processes, in the articulated skeleton, are 

 about as wide as the processes themselves, a good deal wider 

 internally, scarcely so wide externally. In thickness, taken at 

 the middle, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th processes are the greatest (2| 

 inches), after which the thickness diminishes, and rapidly so on 

 the 13th and 14th. 



20. COSTAL FOSS.E ON THE TRANSVERSE PROCESSES. The 

 fossas on the transverse processes for articulation with the ribs 



