LIVING TOKPEDOS IN BEKLIN. 523 



coil filled with rods. The preparations lay upon the triangular 

 glass-plate, with ventral and dorsal skin between the clay shields of 

 the leading-in vessels. In the following- series of experiments, 

 ' long- closing- ' signifies that the battery was kept closed as long as 

 was possible, without too much interference by heating, polarisation, 

 etc. All the deflections are reduced to the magnitude which they 

 would have had with the 45 turns at zero distance. 



FIRST SERIES, 



6. Torp. Fresh. 



Grove's Battery. 



Long closing. 



I. | 223 | 223 I 223. 

 There is no appearance of any irreciprocity of conduction. 



Long closing. 



V. | 1128 f 1159 | 1140 f 1177- 

 Certainly some irreciprocity, even though feeble. 



Long closing.. 



XX. | 4439 I 4658 t 5098 I 4927- 

 -219 -440 +171. 



A disturbance due to heating of the preparation and of the clay 

 shields is observable, so that irreciprocity makes its appearance 

 evident only in the series of differences. 



Induction Shocks, 

 t 15 4 35 3 t 155 15- 



This shows, that when the preparation is treated with shocks 

 of short duration only, the irreciprocity of conduction is manifested 

 in full extent. 



Grove's Battery. 

 Long closing. 



xx. t 4756 I 4781 t 4903 1 4890- 



-25 -122 +13. 



Again, irreciprocity shows itself in the series of differences 



only. 



C. T. o".o 3 io. 



XX.- 1 86 t 95 4 84 t 95- 



With short closing, it appears distinctly at once, although less 

 decidedly than with opening shocks. 



Long closing. 



xx. | 3927 t 4318 I 4207 t 4634- 



In spite of collateral effects, it manifests itself this time with long 

 closing, the series of differences not being stated. 



