1879 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



397 



Dzierzon Theory (pronounced Tseert-aone); — The 

 theory of Dzierzon, formulated into 13 proposi- 

 tions, treating mainly of queens, their virginity, 

 fecundation, and fertility. 



Embryo. — The first rudiments of existence of any 

 plant or animal. 



Entrance.— An opening in the hive for the passage 



Of bees. 



Entrance Blocks. Three-cornered pieces of wood, 



for regulating the size of the entrance, 7. 

 Egyptian Bee. If it differs from the Italian, it is in 



being- lighter colored and exceedingly cross. 

 Extracted Honey. Honey taken from the comb by 



means of an extractor. 

 Extractor. See Honey Extractor and Wax Extract- 

 or. 

 Fdn.— Abbreviation for comb foundation, i~. 

 Feeder*.— Arrangements for feeding bees, 73. 

 Fertile.— Productive, laying; as, fertile queen or 



worker. 

 Fertile Worker. A worker that lays eggs which pro- 

 duce only drones, 78. See Worker. 

 Fixed Frame.— See* Hives. 



Fold Brood. —A malignant, contagious disease, being 

 a species of fungoid growth which affects brood, 80. 

 Foundation.— See Comb Foundation. 

 Frame.— A movable structure of slats, generally four 

 cornered, in which bees build comb which may, 

 by this device, be changed about inside, or re- 

 moved from, the hive at pleasure. It was brought 

 into use by Rev. L. L. Langstroth, in 1851. See 

 cut and Hives. 

 Fumigate.— To expose to smoke; to apply the fumes 



of sulphur. 

 Gallup Hive.— See Hives. 

 Glucose.— See grape sugar. 



Granulated Honey.— Honey that has formed into 

 grains, in passing from a viscous to a candied 

 state. 



Grape Sugar.— A saccharine substance less sweet 

 and less soluble than cane sugar, made principally 

 from Indian corn; is called Grape Sugar because 

 it is identical with the sugar found in grapes. It 

 is often confounded with glucose, with which it is 

 nearly identical but glucose contains more dex- 

 trine than grape sugar, whic h renders it a perma- 

 nent liquid, grape sugar being a permanent solid. 

 Both substances are well known in commerce, and 

 while glucose may, by chemical means, be convert- 

 ed into grape sugar, grape sugar cannot, by any 

 means known at present, be converted into glu- 

 cose. The sweet principle of both substances is 

 known under the general term of grape sugar, to 

 distinguish it from cane sugar, and as the manu- 

 facture of these articles, as an important industry, 

 is of rather recent date, our dictionaries and cy- 

 clopoedias, so far as I can learn, have failed to 

 make any distinction between the two. As the 

 sweet principle of honey is grape sugar, these sub- 

 stances, when made pure, are a more natural food 

 for the honey bee than cane sugar. 

 Green Ihtney.— See Unripe Honey. 

 Guide Comb.— Pieces of comb used as guides for 

 building combs in brood frames or surplus boxes. 

 Hatching Brood.— Brood just emerging from the 



cells. 

 Honey.- The nectar gathered by bees from flowers, 

 and brought to a viscous state, by evaporation in- 

 side the hive, after being deposited in the cells. 

 Honey lioii, or Honey Sack.— An enlargement of 

 the gullet or Hist stomach, in which the bee car- 

 ries the nectar gathered from flowers. 

 Honey Bee.— In general, any bee that gathers hon- 

 ey; but applied to the smaller classes in distinct- 

 ion from the bumble bee, in that they gather much 

 larger quantities of honey. 

 Honey Board.— A board formerly used on top of 

 frames, containing holes or slots over which were 

 placed surplus boxes; now but little used. 

 Honey ISox.—A receptacle for surplus honey, closed 

 on all sides, but with entrance holes for bees. 

 Mostlv discarded now for the section boxes. 

 Honey Comb.- A sheet of hexagonal cells, the same 

 on both sides, having a middle wall or partition. 

 When new, weighs !4 lb. per sq. ft., requiring for 

 its production about ."> lbs. of honey. Brood combs 

 are % in. thick; but, owing to the shape of the 

 bottoms, each cell has a depth a little greater than 

 half the thickness of the comb. Combs of this 

 thickness will hold 3 lbs. of honey per sq. ft.; but 

 the cells may be lengthened to the capacity of 10 

 lbs. per sq. ft. Worker comb contains 25 cells per 

 sq. in., on each side; drone comb, 16 cells per sq. 

 in., on each side: cells of both are of the same 

 depth. Sides and bottoms of cells are, when new, 



1-180 in. thick. The bottom of each cell is formed 

 of 3 rhoml s, so united as to make the center of 

 each cell the lowest part, which point is the center 

 of three cells on the opposite side. The bottom of 

 each cell thus forms a fourth part of a rhombic 

 dodecahedron, and a third part of the bottom of 

 each of the three opposite cells. Honey comb is 

 made by the honey bee, from scales of wax. See 

 Wax. 

 Honey Dew.— See p. 114. 



Honey Extractor. A very ingenious contrivance by 

 which centrifugal force is made to throw the 

 honey from frames or pieces of uncapped comb. 

 Honey Gate. — A cast iron fixture, for drawing off 



honey from extractors, barrels, &c. 

 Honey House.— A building used for storing honey, 

 combs, hives, and apiarian implements; also for 

 extracting- honey and doing other work pertaining 

 to the apiary. 

 Honey Knife.— A thin, double edged, steel blade, 

 with inclined handle, used for uncapping honey 

 for the extractor. 



Hives.— I have not thought best to describe the dif- 

 ferent kinds of hives in the main part of my book, 

 lest I should confuse the beginner by details that 

 I cannot think at all impoitant to his success. I 

 have thought best to give a brief description here of 

 the hives in use, that our readers may be able to 

 converse in regard to them understanding^, when 

 occasion requires. Of course, none but movable 

 comb hives are worthy of consideration nowadays, 

 and as the frame is the principal part of any hive, I 

 will make a diagram of the principal sizes and di- 

 mensions in use as below. 



DIAGRAM OF PRINCIPAL FRAMES IN TSE. 



Figures given are outside dimension* in i)iclies. 

 Suspended 'frame* have 3 i inch supporting arms, or 

 an equal prolongation of top bar. 



