4 Prolonging the Cut of Southern Pine 



(e) Pine in old abandoned fields, usually a dense stand. 



(f) Hardwood lands, usually bottomland with little pine. 



In addition to the areas mentioned above, cleared lands under 

 cultivation or in pasture are shown. 



ESTIMATE AND DESCRIPTION 



A timber estimate and full notes on the stand were made for 

 the area covered by the map. The work was done by the students 

 after eight days of training in timber estimating, and allowances 

 must be made for lack of experience and for variation in individ- 

 ual ability of the men. The method used was to count the trees 

 in strips on half the area, correcting for differences in the stand 

 where the timber stood unevenly on the remainder. One-third of 

 the counted trees were measured by eye and tally kept of diameters 

 and of the number of logs in each tree. The contents of these 

 trees in board feet was derived from a table prepared from 300 

 felled trees on the tract. The stand on each "forty" was computed 

 from this count and tally. 



A percentage was deducted for loss from rot, and where there 

 was damage from insects or windfall it was stated in percentage 

 of the standing timber. The character of the merchantable tim- 

 ber was briefly described with reference to the size of the logs, 

 clear length and percentage of grades under "uppers," "No. 1 

 common," "No. 2 common," and lower grades, thus giving some 

 idea of the relative value of the timber. The quantity and charac- 

 ter of small or immature timber was noted, including its size and 

 age and the area covered. The purpose of this description was to 

 record the conditions on each "forty" so completely that no further 

 examination would be necessary for any purpose. 



COMPOSITION OF THE FOREST 



The pine timber on this tract is composed of shortlcaf and 

 loblolly pine in almost equal mixture. This fact is unimportant 

 from the market standpoint, because the two species are of 

 practically equal value and not easily separated when manufac- 

 tured into lumber. Loblolly grows almost pure on the lower 

 flats and frequently forms pure stands on abandoned fields. It 

 gradually gives place to shortlcaf on drier soils and on the driest 

 the shortlcaf grows pure. 



Pine forms almost pure stands on all the higher lands. It has 

 the ability to resist droughts, which are frequent and severe 

 during the growing season, the months of April, May and June. 



