SYNTHETICAL DRUGS 577 



the acids of which the most important therapeutically are the 

 salicylate and bicamphorate. 



Migrainine, another drug of this series, is antipyrine-caffeine 

 citrate; it is indicated in influenza, neuralgia, and insomnia. 



Trigemine (M., L. & B.) is an additive product of pyramidon 

 and butylchloral hydrate CCI3 . CH^ . CHo . CH(OH)o which has 

 a marked analgesic action. 



Anaesthetics 



Closely allied chemically to the phenacetin series are some 

 of the cocaine substitutes employed to produce local anaesthesia- 



Holocaine is the hydrochloride of the base XV. produced 

 by condensing phenacetin and phenetidine, C2H5O.CcH4.NH2. 

 in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride, an agent which 

 serves to remove a molecule of water in the manner indicated 

 below 



NH.C = ro H2! N NH - C = N 



CH3 + 



C\ ->H,0 + [J CH3fj 



OC0H5 OCHs OQHs OC.H^ 



XV. 



As an anaesthetic for operations on the eye its effect is 

 prompt and lasting, and is not accompanied by mydriasis or 

 disturbance of the accommodation of vision. On account of 

 its toxic properties holocaine is not adapted for hypodermic use. 



Orthoform (XVI.) and new orthoform (XVH.) are the names 

 applied to two isomeric bases the latter of which is generally 

 NH., OH NH, 



°"0 ""O 



CO3.CH3 CO2.CH3 CO,.C,H5 



XVI. XVII. XVIII. 



employed at present owing to its lower price. Like cocaine, 

 these compounds render insensitive the nerve-endings and nerve- 

 trunks with which they come into direct contact. This local 

 anaesthesia is, however, not produced through the unbroken 

 skin. A similar substance, Ancesthesine, ethyl para-aminoben- 

 zoate (XVin.) is also employed as a local anaesthetic, and is 

 non-irritant and non-toxic. The three foregoing compounds have 

 been placed on the market by Messrs. Meister, Lucius & Bruning. 



