viii 



CONTENTS- 



Nahant : Cape Ann, 95 



Nantucket Beach : Cape Cod, 96 



Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, 98 



Gay Head : 99 



South Hadley Falls : Shelburne Falls, 101 



Spicket Falls : Falls in Fall River : Pawtucket Falls : The Gorge, 



alias the Glen, - - 102 



Cascade in Leverett : do. and Natural Bridge, &c. on Hudson's 



Brook, , 103 



Canaan Falls : Southampton Adit : Sunderland Cave and Fissure, 104 



Caverns in Berkshire, - 105 



Purgatories, - 106 



Autumnal Scenery, 107 



Sketches of Scenery in Massachusetts, 108 



PART HI. SCIENTIFIC GEOLOGY. 



Preliminary Remarks, 111 



Names and Classification of Rocks, 112 



Additional Explanations of the Map, 113 



STRATIFIED ROCKS- 



Alluvium defined, - 114 



Alluvium of Rivers, 115 



Coast Alluvium : Salt Marsh Alluvium, 116 



Submarine Forests, 117 



Peat ; its origin, - 118 



Marl : Alluvium of Disintegration, 120 



Curious Inscription : Alluvium of Degradation, 121 



Bog Ore ; its mode of Production, 122 



Oxide of Manganese ; an alluvial deposit, - 123 

 Power of Ice in removing bowlders : Encroachments of the sea 



upon the coast, - ' 124 



Boston Harbor, how produced, 125 



Gain of the Land upon the Sea, - 128 



Dunes or Downs, 130 



Valleys of Massachusetts : how formed, 131 



Terraced Valleys, 134 



Change in the bed of Green River, - - 136 



Ice Floods, 139 



Valleys of Denudation or Excavation, - 140 



Diluvium defined, 141 



Its situation and Extent in Massachusetts, - 142 



Bowlders, 145 



Consolidated Diluvium, 150 



First Proof of a southerly movement in our diluvium, 152 



Peculiarities in the Diluvium of Berkshire County, 156 



Second Proof (diluvial grooves,) of a southerly current, 159 



