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globules of the mash had originated from seed in the globules 

 of the yeast ; he also states that twice he observed the flowing 

 of some fluid out of those globules of the yeast. M. Schwann's 

 observations on this subject are however much more accu- 

 rate, and I am able to confirm them were there any need of it. 

 He saw in the beer-yeast most globules cohering in series ; 

 they were partly round, but for the most part oval granules 

 of a yellowish white colour (they are perfectly colourless in 

 achromatic instruments. Rep,), which partly occur singly, 

 but generally in series of 2 8 or more. Usually one or more 

 distinct series branch off obliquely on such a series. In short, 

 the whole is an articulated and ramified plant. M. Schwann 

 observed, that the new articulations grew forth at the ends of 

 the terminal articulations, as the articulations to form new 

 branches were emitted laterally. During the fermentation of 

 the expressed juice of the grape similar plants were observed, 

 which presented but a small difference from those of the beer- 

 yeast, only that such long threads as are perceptible in the 

 latter were not noticed in the vinous fermentation. In the re- 

 cently expressed juice nothing of these plants is perceptible ; 

 at 20 they may be observed in thirty-six hours, and M. 

 Schwann could observe the increase of their volume under 

 the microscope in the interval of from half an hour to an en- 

 tire hour ; they are here more globular, and generally only two 

 are adherent together. 



I have also been able to observe the growth of new articu- 

 lations from the ends of older ones in plants from beer-yeast 

 and also in vinous and apple ferments. The process is very 

 interesting and may be followed completely ; the individual 

 articulations subsequently separate and again grow on under 

 favourable circumstances. Each articulation of this plant is 

 a distinct independent plant, which immediately continues to 

 grow when disturbed in its adherence; or each articulation must 

 be regarded as a spore of the plant. If the single articula- 

 tions, in which state the plants in the thick beer-yeast are ge- 

 nerally found, are mixed in the mash, they continue to grow, 

 and in thinner fluids the plants become very large; their 

 branches extend radiately in all directions. I boiled the plants 

 from beer-yeast for ten minutes, and yet I observed their fur- 



