IMAGINATION. 145 



branch in tlie diagram wliich represents the faculty a very 

 long one, reaching from level 19 to level 38. The top of the 

 branch therefore reaches as high as the top of Abstraction,' 

 about as high as two-thirds of Generalization, and beyond 

 the origin of Keflectio]!. Of course these comparative esti- 

 mates are intended here, as elsewhere, to indicate merely 

 with some rough approximation to the probable truth the 

 relative amount of elaboration presented by each of the 

 mental species which we denominate faculties. I consider, 

 indeed, as I have said before, that these species are them- 

 selves of an artificial or conventional character — that what 

 we call faculties are abstractions of our own making rather 

 than objective or independent actualities, -and therefore that 

 the classification of these faculties by psychologists only 

 deserves in some remote sense to be regarded as a natural 

 one. Still it is the best classification available for the 

 purpose of comparing one grade of mental evolution w4th 

 another, and there can be no harm in adopting it if we 

 remember, what I desire ahvays to be remembered, that my 

 representative tree is designed only to show the general 

 relation between the faculties of mind as these have been 

 formulated by psychologists. 



But even on this rough and general plan it may seem to , 

 require explanation why I represent the apex of Imagina- 

 tion as attaining to the same level as the apex of Abstraction, 

 for psychologists might naturally infer from my doing so that 

 I am inadvertently endorsing the doctrine of f¥infln[rtimi1imTi J^L^ 

 Such, however, is not the case. For, althoucrh it is true that, 

 if we were able to imagine every abstraction, Conceptualism 

 would become the only rational theory, I do not intend the 

 diagram to favour any so absurd a notion. In my next work, 

 when I shall have occasion to explain the higher branches 

 of the representative tree, it will become apparent that, as I 

 do not intend Abstraction to include Generalization or \\A^ 

 Eeflection, I am careful to keep well within the lines of 

 Xominalism. 



Turning now to the lateral columns, it will be seen that 

 1 place upon a level with the rise of imagination the classes 

 MoUusca, Insecta, Arachnida, Crustacea, Cephalopoda, and 

 the cold-blooded Vertebrata. My justification for assigning 

 to these animals the first manifestation of this faculty will 

 be found, as in other cases, in " Animal Intelligence." Thus 



K 



