IMACxIXATIOX. 147 



appetite ; the animal tlien becomes bold by necessity. He j 

 even runs to meet danger, knowing [i.e., forecasting by j 

 imagination] that it will be redoubled by return of light."''' 

 And again, speaking of the wolf where rendered timid by 

 the hostility of man, he says that it " becomes subject to 

 illusions and to false judgments, which are the fruit of the 

 imagination ; and if these false judgments become extended 

 to a sufficient number of objects, he becomes the sport of an 

 illusory system, which may lead him into infinite mistakes, 

 although perfectly consistent with the princijdes which have 

 taken root in his mind. He ^^'ill see snares where there are 

 none; his imagination, distorted by fear, will invert the 

 order of his various sensations, and thus produce deceptive 

 shapes, to which he will attach an abstract notion of 

 danger," &c.* 



I shall only give one other fact to prove the existence 

 of Imagination of the second order in animals, but I think 

 it is a good one, because showing that this faculty exists in 

 this degree in an animal not having a very high grade of 

 intelligence — I mean the wild rabbit. Every one who has 

 ferreted wild rabbits must have noticed that if the warren has 

 been ferreted before, the rabbits are very unwilling to " bolt," 

 allowing themselves to be seriously injured by the ferrets 

 rather than face the dangers awaitino- them outside. This 

 shows that the rabbits associate (owing to past experience) 

 the presence of a ferret in their burrows with the presence 

 of a sportsman outside them (for it does not signify how" 

 careful the sportsman may be to keep silent), and so vivid is 



* Intelligence of Animals, pp. 24, 120-1 (Englisli translation). The 

 well-known cunning of tlie fox and wolf in eluding the hounds is also evi- 

 dence of a rivid imagination. In addition to the cases of this given in 

 Aniynal Intelligence (pp. 426-30), I may now publish the following, which 

 has recently been communicated to me by Dr. C. M. Fenn, of San Diego : — 

 " jS'ear the south coast of San Francisco a farmer had been much annoyed by 

 the loss of his chickens. His hounds had succeeded in capturing several of the 

 marauding coyotes (a kind of small wolf), but one of the number constantly 

 eluded the pursuers by making for the coast or beach, where all traces of 

 him would be lost. On one occasion, therefore, the farmer divided his pack 

 of hounds, and with two or three of the dogs took a position near the shore. 

 The wolf soon approached the ocean with the other detachment of hounds in 

 close pursuit. It was observed that as the waves receded from the shore he 

 would follow them as closely as possible, and in no instance made foot-prints 

 in the sand that were not quickly obliterated by the swell. When, finally, 

 lie had gone far enough, as he supposed, to destroy the scent, he turned 

 inland." 



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