EMOTIONS. 341 



• CHAPTER XX. 



Animal Emotions, and Summaey of Intellectual 

 Faculties. 



It will be observed on turning to the diagram that I attribute 

 to animals the following emotions, which I name in the 

 probable order of their historical development: — Surprise, 

 Fear, Sexual and Parental Affection, Social Feelings, l*ug- 

 nacity. Industry, Curiosity, Jealousy, Anger, Play, Affection, 

 Sympathy, Emulation, Pride, Ptesentment, Esthetic Love 

 of Ornament, Terror, Grief, Hate, Cruelty, Benevolence, 

 Eevenge, Rage, Shame, Remorse, Deceit, Ludicrous. This list, 

 which leaves many of the human emotions without men- 

 tion, exhausts all the emotions of which I have found any ' 

 evidence in the psychology of animals. Before presenting 

 this evidence in detail, perhaps it will not be thought 

 superfluous again to insist that in attributing this and 

 that emotion to such and such an animal, we can depend 

 only upon inference drawn from actions, and that this 

 inference necessarily becomes of less and less validity as we 

 pass through the animal kingdom to organisms less and less 

 like our own ; so that, for instance, " when we get as low 

 down as the insects, I think the most we can confidently 

 assert is, that the known facts of human psychology furnish 

 the best available pattern of the probable facts of insect 

 psychology."* Still, as the known facts of human psychology 

 do furnish the best available pattern, we must here, while 

 treating of the emotional faculties, follow the same method 

 which we have hitherto followed while treating of the intel- 

 lectual faculties — viz., while having full regard to the pro- 

 gressive weakening of the analogy from human to brute [ 

 psychology as we recede through the animal kingdom down- 

 wards from man, nevertheless using the analogy so far as it 

 goes as the only instrument of analysis that we possess. ^ 



* Animal Intelligence, pp. 9-10, where see for a more full discussion of 

 thii point. 



