EMOTIONS. 345 



this class that we find the earliest evidence of sexual selec- 

 tion. 



Coming now to level 21, I have assigned to it the first 

 appearance of the emotions of Jealousy, Anger, and Play, 

 which unquestionably occur in Fish.* On level 23 I have 

 placed the dawn of Affection other than sexual, in view 

 of the evidence of the emotional attachment of a python 

 which was exhibited towards those who had kept it as a 



pet.t 



On level 24 I have placed the dawn of Sympathy, seeing 

 that this emotion appears to be unquestionably, though very 

 fitfully, displayed by the Hymenoptera,t which for other 

 reasons I have felt obliged to assign to this comparatively 

 high stage of psychological development. 



On the next level (25) I have given Emulation, Pride, 

 Eesentment, Esthetic Love of Ornament, and Terror as dis- 

 tinguished from Fear. All these emotions, so far as I have 

 been able to ascertain, first occur in Birds ; and in this 

 class some of the emotions which I have already named as 

 occurring in lower classes, are much more highly developed. § 



Next we arrive at Grief, Hate, Cruelty, and Benevolence, 

 as first displayed in some of the more intelligent of the Mam- 

 malia. Grief is shown by pining, even to death, upon the 

 removal of a favourite master or companion ; Hate by per- 

 sisting resentment ; Cruelty by a cat's treatment of a mouse ;|| 

 and Benevolence by the following instances which I have 

 met with since the publication of " Animal Intelligence." 

 Writing of a domestic cat, Mr. Oswald Fitch says that it 

 " was observed to take out some fish-bones from the house to 

 the garden, and, being followed, was seen to have placed them 

 in front of a miserably thin and evidently hungry stranger 

 cat, who was devouring them ; not satisfied with that, our cat 

 returned, procured a fresh supply, and repeated its charitable 

 offer, which was apparently as gTatefully accepted. This act 

 of benevolence over, our cat returned to its customary dining- 

 place, the scullery, and ate its own dinner off the remainder 



* See Animal Intelligence, pp. 242-47. 



t Ibid., pp. 261-2. 



X Ibid., pp. 48-9 and p. 156. 



§ Ibid., pp. 270-82. Birds are tlie lowest animals which] I have myself 

 seen, or have heard of others having seen, to die of fright. 



II For instances of all these facts in Mammals other than Elephants, 

 Dogs or Monkeys, see Animal Intelligence. 



