INDEX. 391 



Ear. See Hearing. 



Earthworms. See Worms. 



Earwig, memory in, 123 ; parental affection of, 344. 



Echinodermata, nci'vous system of, 28-30 ; consciousness in, 76, 348 ; special 

 senses of, 56, 84 ; memory in, 122, 348-9 ; emotions of, 342 ; grade of 

 mental evolution of, 348-9. 



Education of young animals by their parents, 226-9. 



EdAvard, on local variation of instinct in the swallow, 247. 



Eject, 16. 



Elam, on somnambulism in animals, 149. 



Elephant, intelligence of the, related to the trunk, 57 ; memory in the, 124 ; 

 dreaming in the, 149 ; instinct of the, in goring woimded companions, 

 176 ; feigning death, 305 ; emotions of the, 346 ; using tools, 352. 



Emotions, physiological aspect of, 53 ; which occur in animals, 341 ; origin 

 of, 342 ; distinctive, of different animals, 342-7. 



Emulation, 341, 345. 



Engelmann, on protoplasmic and unicellular organisms being affected by 

 light, 80; on one infusorium chasing another, 81; on colour sense of 

 JEnglena viridis, 98. 



JEnglena viridis, as affected by light, 80 ; colour sense of, 98. 



Equation, personal, 135-7. 



Evolution, Organic, taken for granted, 7 ; Mental, a necessary corollary, 8 ; 

 human, excluded from present work, 8-10 ; of nerves by use, 30-33 ; of 

 discriminative and executive powers, 47-62; of mental faculties as 

 shown in the diagram, 63-9 ; of consciousness, 70-7 ; of sense of tem- 

 perature, 97-8 ; of visual sense, 97-8 ; of colour-sense, 98-103 ; of 

 organs of special sense, 103-4 ; of pleasures and pains, 105-11 ; of 

 memory, 111-17 ; of association of ideas, 117-24 ; of perception, 127- 

 9; of imagination, 144-54; of fetishism, 154-8; of instinct, 177-255; 

 of reason, 318-35 ; of conscience, 352. 



Ewart, Professor, on Echinodermata, 84 ; on colour-sense of Octopus, 99. 



Excitability, 68. 



Excrement, instinct of burying, 176. 



Exner, Professor, on physiology of perception, 132-7. 



Eye. See Sight. 



Eyton, on instincts of crossed Geese, 199. 



F. 



Eabre, J., on instincts of Bembex, 166, and of Sphex, 179, 299-303 ; on sense 



of direction in bees, 293-4. 

 Fear in animals, 341 ; in young children and low animals, 342-3. 

 Feeling. See Sensation. 

 Feelings, logic of, 325. 

 Feigning death, 303-16 ; injui-y, 316-17. 

 Fenn, Dr. C. M., on imagination in a wolf, 147. 

 Ferrets, reared by a hen, 216-17 ; imperfect instincts of young, 228 ; analogy 



between instincts of, and those of Sphex, 303. 

 Ferrier, on fimctions of the cerebrum, 35. 

 Fish, sense of sight in, 89 ; blind, 89 ; luminous, 89 ; sense of hearing in, 90 ; 



of smell, taste, and touch, 90 ; of colour, 98-9 ; memory in, 123-4 ; 



imagination in, 153, 286 ; feigning death, 303 ; emotions of, 345 ; grade 



of mental evolution of, 349-50. 

 Fish, E. E., on birds imitating each other's songs, 222. 



