INTRODUCTION 



[CHAP. 



Without entering upon detailed criticism of this work, it will 

 suffice to remark that it constitutes a most remarkable anticipation 

 of modern methods of research, and still serves as a model for 

 investigations into the structure of Man and Apes (Fig. 1). 

 Nevertheless although so important in these respects the work 

 was not described as one on Anthropology, nor is it certain that 

 Tyson made use of the term in connection with it. 



The 18th century in turn affords several notable names in 

 the history of Physical Anthropology. The chief contributors to 



Suprarenal 

 body & vein 



LeFr kidney 

 ^vessels 



Vena cava 

 Aorta ' mp enor 



Spermah'c vessels 



--• Ureters 



LePr^ 

 - testicle 



Fig. 1. Drawing of a dissection of the genito-urinary system of a Chimpanzee. 

 From Tyson's " Orang-Outang, sive Homo Sylvestris. Or, the Anatomy of a 

 Pygmie." London, 1699. 



the subject were Linnaeus, Daubenton, Camper, Hunter, Soem- 

 mering and Blumenbach. 



The Systema Naturae of Linnaeus (of which the first edition appeared in 

 1735) will remain for ever memorable to anthropologists from the fact that 

 Man was therein restored 1 definitely to a place with other animals in a scheme 

 of classification. 



1 Man was thus treated by Aristotle. In the time of Linnaeus, the various 

 human races were described by Button in his History of Quadrupeds and their 

 natural affinities were discussed. But Buffon disparaged all rigid classifications 

 including that of Linnaeus. 



