134 THE GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE CERCOPITHECIDAE [SECT. A 



M. latissimus remains devoid of tendon fibres till near the humerus. 

 It has no scapular component, and its most anterior (cephalad) 

 fibres pass behind the tendon of the M. teres major (Kohlbrugge 1 ' 

 has referred to this), of which muscle these fibres may form an 

 aberrant portion. 



5. The M. biceps humeri is not provided with a lacertus 

 fibrosus. The M. coraco-brachialis is subdivided into longer and 

 shorter components. 



6. The muscles of the thumb present no essential differences 

 from those of the Lemur (v. p. 79 supra). Each of the other digits 

 is provided with two extensor tendons, a deep tendon being added 

 to that of the extensor communis in each instance. 



7. The crura of the diaphragm may extend caudally as far as 

 the fourth lumbar vertebra (in Semnopithecus, cf. Kohlbrugge). 

 The muscle is thin and its central tendon less extensive than in the 

 Lemur. " Arcuate ligaments " are not distinct, the muscle-fibres 

 arising locally from the fascial sheath of the M. quadratus lumborum. 



8. The M. gluteus maximus is small : it arises however from 

 the caudal as well as the sacral vertebrae, the caudal part forming 

 a separate caudo-femoral muscle : the femoral attachment is 

 greatly restricted in extent : the rest of the muscle joins the 

 M. tensor fasciae femoris and thus is continuous with the ilio- 

 tibial band. The latter is not distinctly specialized and the fascial 

 sheet by which it is represented expands generally above the 

 patella and round the front of the knee-joint. The small separable 

 deep component of the M. gluteus minimus, known as the M. scan- 

 sorius, is usually present (Kohlbrugge). The M. biceps femoris 

 possesses but a single head (the " long " head of human anatomy) 

 which merges into the fascia covering of the muscles on the an- 

 terior aspect of the leg. Thus it comes to be attached to the 

 tibia. The New- World monkeys possess the short or femoral 

 head of this muscle, as described by Professors Windle and Parsons 

 {Proc. Anat. Soc, Nov. 1899). The short head of the muscle is 

 identified 2 by those authors with the M. tenuissimus (Parsons) 



1 Muskeln und Ncrven der Primaten, Amsterdam, 1897, p. 69. 



2 This identification was confirmed independently three years later by Klaatsch, 

 whose strictures on the lack of perception of his anatomical colleagues in this 

 country provide amusing reading in view of the facts as to priority in this matter 

 [cf. Morpholoyhchcs Jahrbuch, Band xxix. 1902, especially pp. 219, 221]. 



