CHAP. IV] THE GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE CERCOPITHECIDAE 153 



clitoris is so large as to constitute a penile appendage, which 

 however is imperforate, the urethral aperture being independent 

 of this organ. The prepuce is long and hood-like, cleft inferiorly, 

 and it covers a distinct and bifid glans with crura and corpora 

 cavernosa. Like the body of this female penis however, the glans 

 is imperforate. The former is grooved posteriorly and the urethral 

 orifice (meatus urinarius) is still more posteriorly situated. The 

 vagina is proportionately long and straight, without a hymen : 

 its walls are thrown into longitudinal folds, most distinct on the 

 posterior aspect. 



The pouch of Douglas is shallow, and the rectum descends 

 almost vertically behind the uterus and vagina. No special 

 description of the uterus, tubes, ovaries, uterine and ovarian liga- 

 ments, or bladder is called for in view of their close resemblance to 

 the corresponding parts in the Hominidae. 



The sperm-cells in Macacus and Cynocephalus have been 

 described by Professor Retzius. The cells are larger in those 

 animals than in Lemur catta, and in fact surpass all others, those 

 of the Orang-utan alone excepted. In the Cercopithecidae, it 

 would thus appear that the head is of a broad ovoid form (cf. 

 Fig. 51, No. 2) distinctly flattened in one plane. The acrosome 

 is not clearly distinguishable from the nuclear portion. The pars 

 conjunctionis (Verbindungsstuck) is shorter than in the Lemur, 

 but longer than in the Simiidae and Man. Of the tail, the pars 

 principalis (Hauptstuck) is very long, while the pars terminalis 

 is relatively short. 



(ii) Anthropoidea {continued). 



Simiidae. As noted in the chapter on Classification, the 

 family Simiidae includes the four groups represented by the Gibbon 

 (Hylobates), Orang-utan (Simia), Chimpanzee (Anthropopithecus 

 niger) and Gorilla (Anthropopithecus gorilla) 1 . The first two 



1 The question of synonyms has long been a vexed one. Those given above 

 are retained because it is thought that they are the most widely known. The latest 

 proposals for a scientific nomenclature which shall take priority into account, are 

 set forth by Lord Rothschild, F.Z.S., in Novitatex Zoologicae, 1908. Therein 

 the distinctive names (for the three larger forms) are Pongo (Orang-utan), Simia 

 (Chimpanzee), and Gorilla. 



