CHAP. V] THE CRANIA OF THE SIMIIDAE (PRIMATES) 215 



CRANIAL CHARACTERS OF SIMIA SATYRUS 1 . 



The researches of the late Professor Selenka of Munich led him 

 to distinguish some seventeen different varieties of Orang-utans, 

 most of which might be regarded as constituting distinct though 

 local races. Many writers before Selenka had urged the necessity 

 of recognizing marked distinctions between specimens derived 



Fig. 145. Cranium (with mandible) of an Orang-utan (Mus. Anat. Cant.) ; note 

 the absolute obliteration of nasal prominence, the absence of an auditory bulla, 

 the presence of a spheno-parietal articulation, and the number of the teeth. The 

 lachrymal and ethmoid bones join on the inner orbital wall with separation of 

 the frontal bone and maxilla. (J nat. size.) 



from various localities. The memoir by Fitzinger, published in 

 1854, is by no means the earliest on record, but it provides an 

 excellent account of the literature of the subject' up to that date. 

 The accounts thus accessible will be found to deal with the external 

 appearance and also with the cranial characters of the Orang-utan. 

 Fitzinger's work is of interest here, since the author lays special 



1 For the revised nomenclature v. supra, p. 153, footnote. 



