CHAP. Vl] THE DENTAL SYSTEM OF THE PRIMATES 



259 



anomalous bodies are to be regarded as vestiges of teeth 

 otherwise represented no longer in the normal dentition has 

 been stoutly contested. Professor Dixon regards them as remains 

 of deciduous teeth. Professor Adloff holds that they throw no 

 light whatsoever on the phylogeny of the teeth with which they 

 are associated. Those on the " lingual " side of the alveolar 

 margin may possibly represent elements in a " post-permanent " 

 dentition (v. infra, p. 275). 



In connection with the " bilateral " occurrence of dental masses 

 (cf. Fig. 191), it seems worth remaining that they occupy the 



M 



'$//'/;• 



Geminated 

 molar tooth 



Fig. 194. Gemination of the last molar tooth in the mandible of an Orang-utan. 

 (Selenka Coll., Munich.) 



position into which would come the accessory cusps shewn on the 

 first upper molars in Fig. 192. 



These accessory cusps represent the tuberculus anomalus of 

 Carabelli 1 . Besides the interest conferred on it by reason of its 

 situation as compared with the dental vestiges described above, 

 the tubercle of Carabelli is noteworthy for another reason. It is 

 claimed by Batujeff (quoted by Osborn 2 ) as distinctive of the 

 higher rather than the lower human races. Adloff (quoted by 

 Osborn, ibidem) considers that it is not found in the dentition of 



1 Cf. Bibliography in De Terra's Beitrage, 1905, under " Batujeff." 



2 Evolution of Mammalian Malar Teeth, 1907, p. 159. 



17—2 



