CHAP. Vl] THE DENTAL SYSTEM OF THE PRIMATES 263 



and Fig. 194) of these teeth are noted by Windle (./. A. and P. 

 vol. xxviii. p. 374). A striking case is described (by Cameron 1 ) 

 in the upper jaw of an ancient Egyptian, and other examples in 

 the Hominidae will be considered in the sequel. 



Supernumerary incisor teeth are of rare occurrence in the lower 

 Anthropoidea, and the records become numerous only when the 

 data relating to the three large anthropoid apes are studied. 

 Again the Orang-utan heads the list with the greatest number of 

 records, and as in the case of the molar series, the Gorilla comes 

 next in order, followed by the Chimpanzee. 



II. Dental variation in form. 



Reference must be made first to the spatulate form of the 

 upper incisor teeth in some of the lower races of Man, ex. gr. 

 Negroes of Africa and Melanesia. This character is found in 

 modified form in the corresponding teeth of the Orang-utan, and 

 again in certain extinct Lemurs, ex. gr. Nesopithecus. Otherwise 

 it can scarcely be claimed as providing evidence on the subject of 

 human dental evolution. Indeed in the Oceanic-negro types 

 mentioned above, it may well be the local representation of the 

 general enlargement of the teeth which is so distinctive of some 

 of those types. I am inclined to think that it is a character of 

 comparatively recent development in the Hominidae 2 . 



" Gemination " of teeth is not included here for it is described 

 in the preceding section. In the present place we have to con- 

 sider the general form of the dental crowns, and the form and 

 number of the roots. In a few instances, the roots of these teeth 

 have been found reduplicated or bifid. The phenomenon of re- 

 duplicated roots is better dealt with in relation to the canine 

 teeth in the next paragraph. 



CANINE TEETH. 



The canine teeth offer only two anomalous varieties for treat- 

 ment here, but one of these is of very great interest. It consists 

 in the reduplication of the root. This has been recorded in the 



1 Publications of the Manchester Museum, No. 68. 



- Cf. Miklucho-Maclay, ZHtschrift filr Ethnologie, Band vm. : also Chapter xrv 

 infra. 



