MOUNTED INSTRUCTION 11 



growth somewhat projecting, either on the inside or outside and some- 

 times may comprise the entire coronet. 



As with splints, ringbones may result from severe labor in early 

 life, before the process of ossification has been fully perfected ; or they 

 may be due to bruises, blows, sj^rains, or other violence; injuries of 

 tendons, ligaments, also may be among the accountable causes. 



Spavin: Bone spavin is an exostosis of the hock joint. The general 

 impression is that in a spavined hock the bony growth should be 

 seated on the anterior and internal part of the joint, and this is par- 

 tially correct, as such a growth will constitute a spavin in the most 

 nearly correct sense of the term. But an enlargement may appear on 

 the upper part of the hock also, or possibly a little below the inside of 

 the lower extremity of the shank bone, forming what is known as a 

 high spavin ; or, again, the growth may form just on the outside of 

 the hock and become an outside or external spavin. Serious in its 

 beginning, serious in its progress, it is an ailment which, when once 

 established, becomes a fixed condition which there is no known means 

 of dislodging. 



Blood Spavin: Is situated in front and to the inside of the hock 

 and is merely a varicose or dilated condition of the vein. It occurs 

 directly over the point where the bog spavin is found, and has thus 

 been frequently confused with the latter. 



Bog Spavin: Is a round, smooth, well-defined, fluctuating tumor 

 situated in front and a little inward of the hock. On pressure it dis- 

 appears at this point to reappear on the outside just behind the hock. 

 If pressed to the front from the outside it will then appear on the inside 

 of the hock. On its outer surface it presents a vein which is quite 

 prominent, running from below upward, and it 'is to the unnatural 

 dilation of this blood vessel that the term blood spavin is applied. 



Thoroughpin: Is found at the back and on the top of the hock in 

 that part known as the "hollows," immediately behind the shank bone. 

 It is round and smooth, but not so regularly formed as the bog spavin, 

 and is most apparent when viewed from behind. The swelling is 

 usually on both sides and a little in front of the so-called hamstring, 

 but may be more noticeable on the inside or on the outside. 



Sprains: Express a more or less complete laceration or yielding of 

 the fibers of the muscles, tendons, or the sheaths surrounding and sup- 

 porting them. The usual cause of a sprain is external violence, such 

 as a fall or a powerful exertion of strength, with following symptoms 

 of soreness, heat, swelling, and a suspension of function. 



Curb: Is the bulging backward of the posterior part of the hock, 

 where in the normal state there should be a straight line, extending 

 from the upper end of the point of the hock down to the fetlock. The 

 cause may be a sprain of the tendon which passes on the posterior 

 part of the hock, or of one of its sheaths. 



Capped Elbow: Or "shoe boil," is a term applied to an enlargement 

 often found at the point of the elbow. This lesion is due to injury 



