12 MOUNTED INSTRUCTION 



or pressure of the part while it is resting on the ground. If the leg 

 is flexed under the body so that the hoof or shoe is directly in contact 

 with the elbow, which may occur in horses having an extremely long 

 cannon bone or excessive length in the shoes, the greater part of the 

 weight of the chest is concentrated at this point and the pressure 

 may cause a bruise or an inflammation. 



Capped Hock: Is a bad habit of rubbing or striking the partitions 

 of their stalls with their hocks which prevails among some horses, 

 with the result of an injury which shows itself on the upper points 

 of those bones. From its analogy to the condition of capped elbow 

 the designation of capped hock has been applied to this condition. 



Stringhalt: Is an involuntary movement of one or both hind legs, 

 in which the foot is suddenly and spasmodically lifted from the 

 ground much higher than it is normally carried, with excessive flexion 

 of one bone upon the other. This peculiarity is usually prominent, 

 although it may disappear with work, only to reappear after a short 

 rest. Veterinarians and pathologists are yet in doubt in respect to the 

 cause of this afTection, as well as to its essential nature. 



Flatfoot: Is that condition in which the sole has little or no con- 

 vexity. It is confined to the fore feet, which are generally broad and 

 low-heeled. 



In flatfoot there can be little or no elasticity in the sole, for the 

 reason that it has no arch, and the weight of the animal is received on 

 the entire plantar surface, as it rests upon the ground instead of on 

 the wall. For these reasons such feet are particularly liable to bruises 

 of the sole and corns. Horses with flatfoot should be shod with a shoe 

 having a wide web, pressing on the wall only, while the heels and frog 

 are never to be pared. Flatfoot generally means weak walls, and as 

 a consequence the nails of the shoe are readily loosened and the shoe 

 cast. 



Clubfoot: Is a term applied to such feet as have the walls set nearly 

 perpendicular. When this condition is present the heels are high, the 

 fetlock joint is thrown forward, or knuckles, and the weight of the 

 animal is received on the toes. The shoe should not be pared, but the 

 heels are to be lowered as much as possible and a shoe put on with a 

 long, projecting toe piece, slightly turned up, while the heels of the 

 shoe are to be made thin. 



Crookedfoot: Is that condition in which one side of the wall is 

 higher than the other. If the inside wall is the higher, the ankle is 

 thrown outward, so that the fetlock joints are abnormally wide apart 

 and the toes close together. Animals with this deformity are "pigeon 

 toed," and are prone to interfere, the inside toe striking the opposite 

 fetlock. If but one foot is affected, the liability to interfere is still 

 greater, for the reason that the fetlock of the perfect leg is nearer the 

 center plane. 



When the outside heel is the higher the ankle is thrown in and the 

 toe turns out. Horses with, such feet interfere with the heel. If but 

 one foot is so affected, the liability to interfere is less than when both 



