56 MOUNTED INSTRUCTION 



as foods for animals. Those commonly used are timothy, unripened 

 grains, prairie, red clover, and alfalfa. 



Hay of good quality should have a sweet aromatic odor, be pleasant 

 to the taste, of greenish or natural color, have stems of medium size 

 and should have natural blossoms. It should not be dusty, musty, 

 mouldy, caked or mowburnt. Mouldy hay should never be fed to 

 horses. 



FEEDING MAXIMS 



1. Water before feeding or not until at least one hour afterwards. 



2. Feed in small quantities and often. 



3. Never feed grain to heated animals ; hay will not harm them. 



4. Put at least a double handful of chaff in every grain feed. 



5. If expecting hard work immediately after feeding, give only a 

 half-feed. 



6. When practicable have the oats crushed. 



7. Shake out the hay and saAe the shakings for feed. 



8. Use hay nets. 



9. AVhen practicable give a small feed of hay before each grain feed. 



10. Xever feed a large hay feed immediately before grain. 



11. Give a bran mash or cooked grain feed at least once a week, pref- 

 erably before a day of rest. 



12. Salt your horses. If cakes are supplied, always have one in each 

 container or feed box. If granulated, feed the ration in the chop 

 and cooked feeds. 



13. Never feed hay on the ground if it can be avoided. 



14. When feeding in feedbags, remove them as each animal finishes. 

 1.5. Keep feeding utensils clean. 



16. Feed clean food. 



17. AVatch your horses feeding and know which are the slow and 

 the shy feeders. 



18. ^^^atch their condition and fix the ration for each horse according 

 to his needs. 



19. Graze whenever the opportunity occurs. 



20. Encourage men to bring handfuls of grass or other food to their 

 horses. 



21. Be economical in feeding, waste nothing, let the horse get the 

 full value of his ration just as you want it of yours. 



WATERING MAXIMS 



1. Never water your horse while in heated condition. 



2. It is desired that horses have free access to water at all times, 

 and if not before feeding do not water until two hours after 

 feeding. 



3. A horse requires from five to fifteen gallons of water daily, de- 

 nending upon temnerature. 



4. Except in very cold weather horses should be watered at least 

 three times daily; in the morning, two hours after feeding, before 

 the noon feeding, and before the evening feeding. 



