184 MOUNTED INSTRUCTION 



Before loading, cars must be carefully inspected ; all loose and pro- 

 jecting nails removed; broken slats, doors and floors repaired; and 

 thoroughly disinfected with some reliable agent such as creosol solu- 

 tion, creolin 3% or chloride of lime 4 ounces to a gallon of water. 

 Floors should be bedded down with sand, cinders or straw, depending 

 upon the available material and kind of cars to be used. The type of 

 car to be used depends upon various conditions. Those most com- 

 monly used for troop shipment are stock cars. Occasionally Arms 

 Palace stock cars or Express horse cars are provided. The latter are 

 by far the most satisfactory considering the comfort of the animals. 

 For shipping in small lots (4 to 8), an excellent method is to utilize a 

 box car, partitioning oft spaces for the animals. 



Loading animals is an art only perfected by practice, and instruction 

 in it should be given at every opportunity. Jn loading stock cars horses 

 should be led in one at a time, alternately to each end, placed alter- 

 nately head and tail in each end. and held there by an attendant until 

 the capacity of the car is reached. 



Mules are loaded by leading the first one and herding the others 

 closely following one another. The tighter animals are loaded in stock 

 cars, the better and safer they are conveyed. 



Cattle cars will hold 18 to 24 animals, depending on their size and 

 dimensions. As a guide the following is the usual number to be placed 

 in 36 and 40 foot cars : 



36 foot cars : 40 foot cars : 



Heavy draft 18 T Teavv draft 20 



Light draft 20 Light draft 23 



Riding horses 22 Riding horses 24 



Draft mules 21 Draft mules 23 



Pack mules 22 Pack mules 24 



The above may be varied according to the size of the animals, and 

 if the weather is very warm it is better to reduce the number in each 

 case by two. 



Halters should be left on and shanks removed and carried in sacks. 

 If the weather is severe one side, and the ends of the car, if open, should 

 be protected by the use of old canvas or heavy paper. The use of 

 blankets is permissable only in exceptional cases, as they invariably 

 Iiecome displaced or torn, and are liable to get under the feet of the 

 animals. 



Loading and unloading should always be from a suitable platform. 

 If these are unobtainable it will be necessary to construct portable 

 ramps for that ])urpose. 



ENTRAINING AND DETRAINING 



Reference for study. Pars. 386-390, 392. 393. 396. 398, 399, 401-402. 

 407. 40^. 410, Field Senicc Regulations 1914; 287-309 inclusive. United 

 States Transport Regulations 1914; Pars. 811-817, Cai'alry Service Regida- 

 tions 1<)14. General -Ysirs. 1728-1808, D. & S. R. F. A. " 



