LOCOMOTION IN MAN 175 



for immediate action. If the blow is delivered in a 

 definite manner, as, for instance, a blow with the fist 

 (Fig. 117), the moment the limb is extended the 

 muscles have no more to do, and so relax themselves. 



For the purpose of sculpture the model should be 

 viewed from different aspects. By taking chrono- 

 photographs of a moving man from some point above 

 his head (Fig. 118), a horizontal projection is obtained 

 which shows the exact contour of the body. This 

 photograph, as well as those taken from different 

 angles, would doubtless be very useful to the sculptor.* 



Fig. 118.— Chronophotograph of a runner taken from above. (Horizontal projection.) 



Quite apart from any artistic object, it is often 

 necessary to have recourse to various forms of modelling 

 to represent the attitude of man, or the movements of 

 animals, in the three dimensions of space. We have 

 often utilized this method for determining from several 

 photographs, taken simultaneously, the attitude of 

 a bird's body and wings during the act of flight. We 

 only wish that some artist would devote his talents, 



* It was proposed some time ago to produce, under the name of 

 photosculpture, a method for mechanically reproducing a model of 

 an individual. 



The person was placed in the middle of a circle, on the circumference 

 of which were arranged a row of cameras. Each of these cameras 

 took at the same moment a photograph of the figure which was thus 

 represented from various points of view. Each photograph was 

 enlarged to a convenient size and transferred to a metal plate and 

 converted into a sort of mould. On pressing some plastic material 

 on to the plate, a rough model was obtained, absolutely exact as far as 

 attitude was concerned, and one from which the sculptor could execute 

 a properly finished copy. 



