180 MOVEMENT 



A slow action, such as that of a man sitting down 

 on the ground and then stretching himself out in a 

 recumbent position, would present no such general 

 muscular contraction. 



Chronophotography of Facial Expression. — With the 

 camera which we used, although it has only one 

 objective, a subject can be photographed at a near 

 distance, and show no alteration in perspective, how- 

 ever long be the series of photographs. It is the 

 only kind which, up to the present, has been capable 

 of affording a series of photographs which shows in 

 all their details the changes in facial expression, the 

 various movements of the hands, and the different 

 positions of the feet in walking. 



It would be interesting to follow in this way all 

 the transitions between a scarcely perceptible smile 

 and a hearty laugh, and to catch the characteristic 

 expressions of astonishment, anger, and other emotions. 

 The great difficulty is to find a subject capable of 

 giving these various expressions in a perfectly natural 

 manner. Most people would only produce a grin or 

 a grimace. Clever actors would no doubt succeed 

 better in assuming the various emotional expressions ; 

 and the method might even be useful to them in 

 their own studies. But that which is rendered to 

 perfection by chronophotography is the movement 

 which accompanies the act of articulation. M. Demeny 

 has paid special attention to this extension of our 

 method, and lie has met with immense success. With 

 strong and well-directed light he has shown the way 

 the tongue moves in the articulation of consonants. 

 His researches are of value from a phonetic point of 

 view, and practically it ought to be of service in the 

 teaching of deaf mutes. One ingenious method for 

 instructing deaf mutes consists in teaching them to read 

 the various movements of the lips in producing different 



