134 



LIVE STOCK MANAGEMENT. 



a splendid substitute for skim milk when fed in the right 

 proportions. Those who have fed it in connection with a 

 small quantity of whole milk have found it superior to linseed 

 or other meal slops. Dried blood should be diluted with 

 water until the quantity is equal to that of the milk fed in 

 connection with it. 



When a number of calves are to be fed, stanchions are 

 indispensable, because several can be fed at the same time 

 without the slightest trouble. Calves will also learn to eat 

 from boxes made in connection with the stanchions and will 

 be prevented from sucKing each other, which is so common 

 where they are fed at random. 



If calves have been kept in a stable for some time, con- 

 siderable difficulty is usually experienced when turning them 

 out on pasture. In order to avoid the sudden change, if pos- 

 sible feed a small quantity of green matter for a few days pre- 

 vious to turning them out into the field. Thus the change will 

 be brought about gradually and without any serious effects. 

 Fresh water should always be kept in the stalls or pens. In 

 winter, when the weather is chilly, the cold water should be 

 warmed. When the calves are allowed to suck the cows the 

 whole milking season, very little, if any, care is required in 

 the summer. On the other hand, if the cows and calves have 

 to be housed the greater portion of the time, as is the case 

 in winter, it is generally necessary to separate the cows 

 from the calves. While the calf is quite young and its 

 mother is giving more milk than it can take, the cow should 

 be milked out twice a day. Never allow the milk to become 

 stale in the udder, or serious trouble to both cow and calf 

 will be the result. 



Under the best of care calves are often affected with 

 scours and infested with lice. Lice are most commonly found 

 in warm stables, but can be easily killed by washing the ani- 

 mals with some of the common disinfectants, such as Chloro- 

 Naptholeum Dip, kerosene emulsion, etc. 



Scours are the worst enemy the calf has to contend with, 

 and under the best of care some are affected with this malady. 

 Calves are subject more or less to this disease during any 

 time of the year. However, it seems to be most frequent in 

 February and March and about the time calves are turned 

 on pasture. The principal causes are over-feeding, feeding 

 of sour milk, feeding of cold milk, dirty pails and feed boxes, 

 and irregular feeding. Every precaution should be employed 



