52 PROMINENT SHORTHORN BREEDERS. 



More will be said of this when the history of the Shorthorn 

 cattle in America is taken up. 



The characteristic of Bates' work will be seen in the 

 general stamp of cattle he produced. His cows were deep- 

 milking sorts, of good beef form, and his cattle had more 

 style than any that had been bred before this. 



The Booth and Bates strains became predominant in 

 both England and America, and on the rich pastures of Eng- 

 land and the central states of America, they proved very 

 successful. In the north of England and in Scotland, how- 

 ever, they did not prove to be hardy enough to satisfy the 

 demands made upon them, and it is to the hardy Scotch 

 tenantry that we owe the production of another type. The 

 requirements of Scotland were very peculiar; the climate is 

 raw and chilly, and hard on stock for a large part of the year. 

 The production of grains is none too good, but turnips can 

 be raised very successfully, and cattle can be fattened well 

 on these. The class of cattle suited to the requirements of 

 Scotland farmers had to be a kind of cattle that would prove 

 hardy under ordinary farm conditions, and would fatten rap- 

 idly and prove to be rent payers. A number of Scotch 

 breeders had made marked improvement on the native cattle, 

 which were black, and also on some of the Shorthorns that 

 had been imported from England, but it remained for Amos 

 and Anthony Cruickshank to produce a type of cattle that 

 would meet the requirements of the Scotch farmer. 



Amos Cruickshank was born in 1808, brought up on the 

 farm, and began breeding cattle when still a young man. 

 He was a most excellent judge of cattle, had unfailing perse- 

 verance, independence, and was possessed of a decided love 

 for cattle. His one aim was to produce animals that would 

 be hardy enough to withstand the rigors of the Scottish cli- 

 mate, and that would mature at an early and profitable age. 

 In other words, he desired to secure animals that would re- 

 turn the greatest and most profitable gains in beef in the 

 shortest time. 



He had studied something of the methods of the earlier 

 breeders, but seems to have paid little attention to them in 

 the early stages of his work. He began in a very modest 

 way, going down into England, looking over the different 

 herds, but with characteristic Scotch shrewdness and pru- 

 dence, took back but one heifer. In the following years he 



