JU)G1X LIVE STOCK. 75 



heavier than appearances would indicate. Early maturity is 

 much sought for, and a deep, even covering of flesh is an 

 all important point. Oftentimes ties (places where the skin 

 is held fast to the bone by gristly strings) are found, and 

 rolls, or rough, uneven patches of fat, also occur. Both of 

 these are undesirable, and should be discriminated against. 

 The covering and texture of flesh should always receive con- 

 sideration. It should be deep over all valuable parts, and 

 especially extending down over the ribs; for it too often hap- 

 pens that while well covered in certain parts of the body, 

 the ribs are not covered. The texture of the flesh can only 

 be determined by handling. It should be mellow, yet suffi- 

 ciently firm to indicate the presence of a high proportion of 

 muscle to fat. 



The bull should show strongly masculine character, 

 which is determined by the same indications as mentioned 

 in the preceding lectures on Breeding Cattle and on Short- 

 horns, while the cow should show the character of a 

 "breedy" female. Free, vigorous movement, is characteristic 

 of the breed, and should always be looked for; and as men- 

 tioned heretofore, strong, straight limbs are important. 



Form, constitution, quality, and breed type are the 

 guiding essentials in judging and selecting Herefords, and 

 breeders justly lay much stress on breed type. 



