JUDGING LIVE STOCK. 89 



accomplished much in increasing the size, improving the 

 form, quality and finish, and accelerating the early maturity 



The hardiness of the cattle and their adaptability to 

 rugged environments have made them favorites in south- 

 western Scotland and northwestern England ; and extensive 

 exportations have also been made to other countries. A char- 

 acteristic of no slight importance is the coat, which has heavy 

 hair, and a mossy, fur-like under coat, rendering the hides 

 equal to buffalo skins for robes; but there is grave doubt as 

 to whether this character will remain permanent under differ- 

 ent climatic conditions. The breed is considered to be one 

 of the purest in existence, and is very prepotent when crossed 

 with other breeds. In Scotland the pure-bred and grade 

 animals are often used to some extent as dairy stock; but 

 their general characteristics, in the modern type, entitles 

 them to classification as a strictly beef breed. The cross 

 produced by using Shorthorn sires on Galloway cows results 

 in vigorous animals, usually of a blue-gray color, that have 

 proved to be of superior merit as feeding animals and butch- 

 ers' beasts. The good results, however, do not seem to be 

 so apparent on an attempt to breed these cross-bred animals 

 together, or to pure-bred sires of either breed; like other 

 crosses, the results are too variable. The first cross, how- 

 ever, gives good satisfaction, and has been much used. 



Originating in southwestern Scotland, the Galloway may 

 fairly be said to have been created in large part by its 

 environments; systematic improvement has been compara- 

 tively recent and has followed the lines marked out by other 

 great breeders. 



