JUDGING LIVE STOCK. 95 



the milk wells should be large. The skin covering the udder 

 should be soft and pliable, and the hair short and silky. The 

 udder should not appear fleshy, but should appear relaxed 

 when milked out. 



In general work, it will often be found difficult to find an 

 animal of the desired type, as there is yet a considerable 

 tendency to variation toward too great beef or dairy char- 

 acteristics. In actual work in the show ring, or in buying, 

 it is well to pick the animal which most nearly meets the 

 required type; and place the others in their order of merit. 

 At least C5 per cent, should go to form, and general beef 

 characteristics; while 35 per cent, may justly be credited to 

 the dairy properties as shown in the conformation of the 

 hindquarters, and by the udder and milk veins. 



The foregoing applies to cows; and in judging bulls the 

 same general characteristics should be observed so far as 

 general form, constitution and quality is concerned. The 

 indications of ability to sire good milch cows should be ap- 

 parent in the fine, pliable skin, and large barrel. The rudi- 

 mentaries should be well developed and placed evenly and 

 well apart, for experience has shown that bulls so charac- 

 terized beget cows with well balanced udders. The mascu- 

 line characters should be present, as indicated by the heavier 

 forequarters, powerful crest, and burly head. 



A happy medium in form and milking properties is desired 

 in dual purpose cattle. Due attention to the correct charac- 

 teristics, and a resolute adherence to a balanced type, com- 

 bining both beef and dairy properties, is all that is required. 



