JUDGING LIV;E ,S130GK. \ // J'/ |^j J 1^ 



Points to Be Observed in Judging and Selecting Red Polled 



Cattle. 



Head. Should be wide between the eyes, moderate in 

 length, arising to a sharp poll at the top. In cow should be 

 somewhat concave between the eyes; in bulls full and burly. 

 There should be a clean cut, refined appearance to the head 

 as a whole; the eyes should be large, bright, and mild; the 

 ears of moderate size and well carried. 



Neck and Shoulders. The neck should be moderate in 

 length, not so long as Holsteins or Jerseys, nor yet so short 

 as in the beef breeds. It should be fairly free from coarse- 

 ness or loose flesh, and should swell gently into the shoulder, 

 with quite a full shoulder vein. The shoulders should be 

 comparatively fine, well sloped and fitting smoothly into the 

 body at the top, the spinal column should rise slightly above 

 the shoulder blades, the whole blending smoothly together. 

 In the bull the same smoothness should be observed, but the 

 forequarters are heavier, and the neck larger, with powerful 

 crest. 



Body. The body should be deep and round barreled, hav- 

 ing well sprung ribs, especially just behind shoulders, and 

 a capacious abdomen, well calculated to utilize large amounts 

 of food. The back should be straight, the loin wide, the 

 hook bones not extremely prominent, as in the Holsteins, 

 nor yet blending so closely into the body as to be entirely 

 hidden with flesh; rather an intermediate between these ex- 

 tremes. The rump should be long, level, and quite well 

 filled with flesh in the space from the hook points to the 

 pin bones. 



Hindquarters. The thighs should be wide as viewed from 

 the side, and well muscled. From behind, the hindquarters 

 should show considerable width, and while the twist cannot 

 be fleshed down as deeply as in the beef breeds, there should 

 be a fairly good muscular development. 



Limbs. The legs should be short and straight, and the 

 bone fine and clean. 



The color should be a deep blood red over all parts; some 

 white in the switch is permissible, but if found on any part 

 of the body, is objectionable. The skin should be of moderate 

 thickness, and very soft and pliable to the hand. The hair 

 is short, fine, and silky to the touch. 



