JUDGING LIVE STOCK. 135 



to 3 inches in length, equal in thickness the thick- 

 ness being in proportion to the length hanging 

 perpendicularly, their distance apart at the sides 

 should be equal to one-third of the length of the 

 vessel, and across to one-half the breadth with no 

 divisions between quarters of the udder 30 



7. Legs. Short in proportion to size; hind legs straight 



when viewed from behind; thigh-s thin, giving 

 plenty of room for udder 4 



8. Skin. Yellow, soft and elastic, and covered with soft, 



close, woolly hair 5 



9. Color. Red of any shade, brown or white, or a mix- 



ture of these each color being distinctly denned. . 3 



10. Average Live Weight. In full milk about 1,000 pounds 8 



11. General Appearance. Including style and movement 10 



12. Escutcheon. Large and fine development 3 



Perfection 100 



Bull. 



The points desirable in the female are generally so in the 

 male, but must, of course, be attended with that masculine 

 character which is inseparable from a strong and vigorous 

 constitution. Even a certain degree of coarseness is ad- 

 missible; but then it must be so exclusively of masculine 

 description as never to be discovered in a female of his get. 



1. Head. Of the bull may be shorter than that of the 



cow, but the frontal-bone should be broad, the muz- 

 zle good size, throat nearly free from hanging folds, 

 eyes full. The horns should have a upward turn, 

 with sufficient size at the base to indicate strength 

 of constitution 10 



2. Neck. Of medium length, somewhat arched, and large 



in the muscles which indicate power and strength. . 10 



3. Forequarters. Shoulders close to the body without 



any hollow space behind; chest broad, brisket deep 

 and well developed, but not too large 7 



4. Back. Short and straight; spine sufficiently defined, 



